Atomic Bomb Justified Essay - 1643 Words

Was the Atomic Bombing Justified? The Atomic Bomb made a very serious statement at a time when the world was in disarray (â€Å"Manhattan†). World War II was one of the most destructive times in history causing over 50 million deaths and leaving behind mental and physical casualties of war. (â€Å"World War II†) It started in September, 1939 when Germany invaded Poland and continued on a destructive path through Europe. Britain and France declared war on Germany. Two years prior in 1937, the Sino Japanese War was in full swing. Japan wanted to dominate China from a political and military standpoint and benefit from China’s many assets (â€Å"Sino†). United States, Britain and France aided China with financial aid through war supply contracts, which†¦show more content†¦His hiring, leadership, management skills and analytic capabilities were paramount in the success and development of the two Atomic Bombs. America, along with their allies, Britain and the Republic of China called for Japan’s surrender. They said failure to comply would result in utter destruction. Japan chose to ignore the request and proceeded with business as usual. Dr. Robert Oppenheimer and staff came together to discuss the plan of attack, but the final decision fell squarely on the shoulders of Harry Truman, President of The United States who had taken office only a few months before (â€Å"J. Robert†). The United States followed through on their threat. One of the first two Atomic Bombs created by the Manhattan Project, â€Å"Little Boy,† was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945; it developed an explosion corresponding to a 15 kiloton TNT explosive. The bomb generated such a mighty heat of 7,000 degrees. â€Å"Little Boy† weighed 9,700 pounds and was ten feet long and had a diameter of twenty eight inches. â€Å"Little Boy† was responsible for killing about 200,000 people. People perished and the uranium contained in this bomb immediately penetrated people’s bodies closing down bodily functions, the kidneys being one of the first things to fail. Toxic damage to the blood stream gave people very little chance of recovery (â€Å"Little Boy†). On August 9, 1945, just three days after the bombing of Hiroshima, a second atomic bomb was dropped on the city ofShow MoreRelatedThe Atomic Bomb Is It Really Justified?1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe Atomic Bomb, was it really justified? On August 6, 1945, after forty-four months of increasingly brutal fighting in the Pacific, an American B-29 bomber loaded with a devastating new weapon flew in the sky over Hiroshima, Japan waiting for a signal. Minutes later the signal was given, that new weapon, the atomic bomb, was released. Its enormous destructive energy detonated in the sky, killing one hundred thousand Japanese civilians instantly. Three days later, on August 9, 1945, the UnitedRead MoreShould The Atomic Bomb Be Justified?1771 Words   |  8 Pages yet many complications can arise that would limit its justifiability. Such is the case of the dropping of the atomic bomb. For decades, there has been an ongoing debate about whether or not America’s action of dropping two atomic bombs on Japan was justified. The atomic bomb is a bomb that derives its destructive power from the rapid release of nuclear energy by fission of heavy atomic nuclei, causing damage through heat, blast, and radioactivity (dictio nary.reference.com). While the United States’Read Morewas the dropping of the atomic bomb justified2496 Words   |  10 PagesDid the USA need to drop bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945? On the 6th of August 1945, the US dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima,1ushering in the nuclear age. The bomb caused the deaths of over 100,000 people,2with the bulk of the destruction pertaining to innocent civilians. Three days later, the Americans repeated their action at Nagasaki. The aim of the US was not, however, to cause complete annihilation of the Japanese, but to seize the fierce nationalism withinRead More Was The Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb Justified? Essay2760 Words   |  12 PagesOn August 6, 1945 the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. This was an extremely controversial military strategy in the United States. Was the United States justified in the dropping of the atomic bomb? The U.S. feared the rise of communism and gave aid to any country against it. The U.S. also fought countries threatening the spread communism. One of these countries was Japan. We began a harsh and brutal war against Japan and against communism. ThisRead MoreWas the Atomic Bomb Dropped on Hiroshima Justified Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesWere the Americans justified in dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945? The dropping of the atomic bomb on Nagasaki and Hiroshima in 1945 by the Americans is a very controversial issue with no definite answer. Both sides of the issue have very justifiable arguments. Reasons for dropping the bomb include the fact that Truman’s options were limited at this point in the war, that the bomb did have the desired outcome of Japans surrender and that the majority of reasonsRead MoreWas the Un Justified in Dropping Atomic Bombs on Japan?2277 Words   |  10 PagesDeepali Shinde Professor Kalra Academic Writing 101 19th September 2015. Was United Nations justified in dropping atomic bombs on Japan? World War II also known as The Second World War was a global war that was fought from 1939 to 1945 in Europe and Asia. The Second World War was debatably the most consequential period of the 20th century. World War II led to vital advancements in technology and set the base for post war social changes, that includes the end of colonialism by the EuropeansRead MoreThe United States Was Justified in Dropping the Atomic Bombs on Japan1244 Words   |  5 PagesStates of America dropped the Atomic Bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The use of these bombs brought a quick end to World War 2, yet caused extensive damage to the two Japanese cities. There have often been disputes as to whether the USA was justified in the dropping of the atomic bombs because of the damage they caused, not only to the cities, but to the people of Japan as well. Many people believe that the USA should not have dropped the bombs because of the damage they causedRead More Use of the Atomic Bo mb Against Japan was Justified Essay1137 Words   |  5 PagesUse of the Atomic Bomb Against Japan was Justified The use of the atomic bomb against Japan was completely justified in both cause and impact. An intense weapon was necessary to force a quick Japanese surrender. The bomb saved thousands upon thousands of American and Japanese lives that would have been lost if the war continued or an invasion occurred. The bomb was the only way to end the suffering of the millions who were being held captive by the Japanese oppressor. The weapon of massRead MoreThe United States Justified By Using The Atomic Bomb Against Japan During Wwii?1947 Words   |  8 PagesThe pressing question still lingers: Was the United States justified in using the Atomic Bomb against Japan during WWII? World War II stands as the bloodiest and deadliest war of all time. It involved more than thirty countries and resulted in over fifty million civilian and military deaths. It lasted six years, beginning with Adolf Hitler’s invasion of Poland in 1939. As the Allied Powers (mainly the United States, Britain, an d the Soviet Union) and the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) wereRead MoreA Closer Look at the Bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki1485 Words   |  6 Pageshistory was changed. Two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima, and three days later, August 9, 1945, on Nagasaki that ended World War II. Japan had already been a defeated nation from conventional bombs and World War II. Many innocent lives were lost, psychological scars were left on the lives of the bomb survivors, and thus many lives were changed forever. The atomic bombings caused many people to have genetic effects due to the radiation from the bombs. Revisionists have said

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch - 897 Words

Before a Trash, After a Treasure Nowadays, human beings face waste issues that produce significant detrimental emissions to the Earth. Since the majority of nations of world parts have approached the economical sustainability, their resource consumptions shows reverse effects to the environment. Many individuals squander irreplaceable resources that become trash driven widely throughout. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch clearly illustrates the human beings’ current habits as that â€Å"maelstrom of debris twice the size of Texas.† Researchers have found there tremendous amount of plastic, paper, metal and other irrelevant materials (Land 40). Presumably, the consequences may cause the colossal influence to the environment, especially the marine life. According to the â€Å"World Bank,† today many countries are generating a huge amount of waste which rates likely to increase further (Harrison and Hester 67). These studies prove that the governments must seriously consider the growing global problems and focus on the principles of the â€Å"Waste Management† (WM), particularly the Three Rs (Reduce Reuse Recycle) system as a low-cost alternative. In fact, when it comes to waste, people depend directly to landfills which are in reality causing severe damage to the environment including human beings. The case at the Dickson [Country] Landfill can be an apt example for that reason. Environmental News Service reports one family in the country has been harmed by the chemicals. In results, manyShow MoreRelatedThe Great Pacific Garbage Patch2024 Words   |  9 Pagessurfaces (Center for Biological Diversity). Carried by water currents and wind combined, these man made, non-biodegradable materials have accumulated in the middle of the Pacific Ocean to form the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP), also known as â€Å"the world’s largest landfill.† Estimated to be twice the size of Texas, the Patch spans from the West Coast of North America to Japan (National Geographic). Often thought of as large islands of floating plastic, in reality the GPGP is an area of plasticsRead MoreThe Great Pacific Garbage Patch1163 Words    |  5 PagesThe Great Pacific Garbage Patch is an accumulation of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean. Marine debris is trash that culminates up in oceans, seas, and other sizable voluminous bodies of dihydrogen monoxide. Its also known as the Eastern Pacific Garbage Patch and the Pacific Trash Vortex. It’s located in a high-pressure area between the U.S. states of Hawaii and California. This area is in the middle of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. For many people, the conception of a â€Å"garbage patch†Read MoreThe Great Pacific Garbage Patch1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Pacific Garbage Patch is the effect of the human population’s waste. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a collection of trash floating in the ocean where there is a high density of garbage because of the Pacific Gyre. â€Å"Though their name suggests rafts of bobbing refuse, the patches are instead areas with high concentrations of trash — mostly wee bits of plastic p articles that have degraded from larger pieces of litter such as water bottles. The bits amass within ocean vortices, drivenRead MoreThe Great Pacific Garbage Patch1693 Words   |  7 Pageswaterways, which eventually carries the waste into the ocean. The north pacific garbage gyre spans the majority of the area. The physical gyre stretches from the coast of Japan to California. Four different currents maintain the circular motion of the gyre, which encapsulates large amounts of debris in the center of the gyre, known as the convergence zone. All of these components lead to the term most call as the â€Å"Great Pacific Garbage Patch†. The unfortunate locations of the world’s oceans, downhill andRead MoreThe Great Pacific Garbage Patch844 Words   |  3 Pagesvortex called the North Pacific Gyre. Charles Moore discovered the North Pacific Gyre, or also known as â€Å"The Great Pacific Garbage Patch† in 1997. This garbage patch stretches hundreds of miles off th e shoreline of California and Hawaii. Scientists estimated its size to be twofold the size of Texas or maybe even more substantial. This garbage patch contains some ten million tons of litter. According to Lindsey Blomberg, who wrote the article titled The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, writes, â€Å"What is knownRead MoreThe Great Pacific Garbage Patch Essay589 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Pacific Garbage Patch Today, scientists believe the worlds largest garbage dump isnt on land but it is in the Pacific Ocean. It is known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, stretching 10 million miles from the coast of California to China floating on either side of Hawaii and swirling beneath the surface. Its estimated to be twice the size of the state of Texas. It consists of 100 million tons of discarded plastic such as water bottles, bags, DVD cases, toothbrushes, toysRead MoreEssay on The Great Pacific Garbage Patch1288 Words   |  6 Pagesfive oceans, the Pacific Ocean is the world’s largest and deepest ocean. It spreads over an area of 165.2 million square kilometers. More than 25,000 islands float within the Pacific. Within the Pacific Ocean lies an unusual island, an island that is more than twice the size of Texas and is earth’s largest landfill, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (McLendon). Society is unaware that the excess use of plastic and other non-biodegradable materials has ended up in the middle of the Pacific Ocean and isRead MoreThe Great Pacific Garbage Patch Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesAlex Ibarra ENG 150-274 December 12, 2012 The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Living on this earth is a privilege and unfortunately we sometimes take advantage of it. Stories of deforestation, air and water pollution really make a person think of just how much our planet is being harmed. A major concern is water pollution. Water covers at least 70 percent of the planet which makes our rivers, lakes, and oceans essential. Many of these bodies of water are being polluted and although they may beRead MoreThe Great Pacific Garbage Patch Essay examples1257 Words   |  6 Pagesfact, it’s a whole lot. There is a place between California and Hawaii called the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, but is better known as the â€Å"Great Pacific Garbage Patch†. This area is the largest landfill in the world and is completely in the ocean. What are the effects of the landfill on the environment and how can it be prevented and rehabilitated to its original state? The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is an area of the ocean filled with mostly rubbish, most of which are not biodegradableRead MoreEffects Of The Great Pacific Garbage Patch On The Ocean s Plankton And Algae1639 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effect of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch on the Ocean’s Plankton and Algae Introduction: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is the effect of the human population’s waste. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a collection of trash floating in the ocean where there is a high density of garbage because of the Pacific Gyre. â€Å"Though their name suggests rafts of bobbing refuse, the patches are instead areas with high concentrations of trash — mostly wee bits of plastic particles that have degraded from

Learning and Development of People Project Proposal for Finances

Question: Discuss about theLearning and Development of People Project Proposal for Finances. Answer: Proposal Objective Background Information A meeting was convened between the junior managers and middle managers of our company mid this year. During the meeting, finance manager explained the challenges that the company was currently facing which included a focus on staffing, use of finances, public relations, corporate planning and employee conflicts. The manager explained how the approach to learning and development would be the most appropriate in addressing these issues. After engaging in the discussions, the managers agreed that the approach to learning and development program would be highly beneficial to the company.it was agreed that the finance manager would provide a detailed proposal that describes specifically the learning and development interventions and how it works. This proposal itemizes the finance managers proposed a program which includes; objectives, work profile, problem statement, skills needed, and its details. Key Objectives The following objectives outline the directions for learning and development: To create a culture of learning by developing a range of supporting approaches to learning and development. To improve access to cost-effective and quality learning opportunities. To develop a skilled workforce that is competitive in the market. Needs Analysis conducted Over 90 staff responded to a survey that was conducted in July 2016 during their annual seminar. Several areas of interest were identified which needed to be looked into. They include; time management, project management, conflict resolution, communication and the use of computer software. Workgroup Profile Group Composition, Roles and Demographics The learning and development program will involve those staff in the marketing and accounting departments. Among these staff, there are some who have been employed permanently while others are contractors. The groups will be heterogenic comprising a mix of the genders, age, personalities and nationality to provide chemistry for proper interactions and achievements. The groups will have a balance of male and female staff, young and old, blacks and whites which will increase the effectiveness of the groups. The staff in the marketing department are important to the organization since their roles are to monitor competition, transmit brand values, innovation, improve sales process and customers and come up with marketing plans. On the other hand, those in accounting are required to maintain proper books of accounts of the company. Human Capital and Experience Level The company has human capital that uses to further its goals and objectives. Staff knowing computer, finance, accounting, management and many others are part of the company's human capital. All these employees have different levels of experience which include entry, skilled and supervisory. Key Capabilities The companys major competencies include leadership and management. According to (Overton, 2017) leadership is a critical factor in the success of any business. From the research conducted by the company, it was identified that effective communication, management of change, effective engagement of employees and consultation are some of the areas combined to develop leadership capabilities. They are more innovative and willing to embrace change. The core management capabilities include the establishment of clear roles and goals and encouraging employee involvement in performance management. According to (Van Dooren and Holligan, 2015) attainment of organization goals requires managers to view performance management as their core responsibility. This allows the staff to work under minimal supervision since they have a clear direction. Problem Statement/ Competency Gap In as much as there are increased effects of learning and development among employees in organizations, the literature on the human resource development issues are still limited (Jackson and Jiang, 2014 p.33),(Burke and Noumair, 2015)and the increased concern from the company's customers towards the low quality of services. It is worth noting that the existing studies in relation to people learning and development in organizations. Cummings and Worley (2015) have taken a general view of human resource management (HRM) which has created a gap on performance issues such as effects of unclear strategies, poor customer service, lack of professionalism, and many others. These issues have led to customer dissatisfaction leading to decreased overall performance. To close this gap between the need for development and its accessibility, various inexpensive methods have been identified which will, in turn, allow managers to have a better understanding of some aspects in learning and developmen t. Needed Competencies/ Skills Description and Analysis of Knowledge, Skills, and Competencies Communication skills. Managers need to listen to the concerns of the staff with full attention. This will allow them to manage conflict that arises in the organization in a way all parties get satisfied (Shockley, 2014). For employees to develop their full potential managers, need to provide positive, constructive feedback which motivates them to perform better. Leadership Managers need to exhibit some leadership skills to execute training for workers effectively. The long-term vision for the department has to be developed and made clear to staff to ensure objectives are met (Anderson, 2016). Current LD Policy Analysis Currently, the company uses training as learning and development strategy. The process of training takes place on an individual level or as a team. Staff survey has been widely used in identifying areas that require development though throughout the little training attention was given to ensure consistency existed between learning and the overall organizational strategies. Overview Of Proposed Learning And Development Strategy Understanding the learning and development methods is very important to any organization. For this company, widely accepted and cheaper styles will be adopted which will look at personality traits of staff and aptitude when learning. The strategy adopted aims at aligning training goals with corporate goals and reduce the time to competency. These strategies include: on the job training, workshops, internal and external courses, compliance training, coaching and mentoring. Description of Benefits There are tremendous reasons on why the organization needs to adopt these strategies. Some of these reasons include; Improvement of the performance of the business and its productivity. This will help the organization gain a competitive advantage over its competitors in the market. Secondly, employees' skills and knowledge for the current roles will be improved. This will allow them to fulfill their organization's long-term and short-term objectives. Thirdly, it helps in organizational development whereby change can be easily managed, and shared values can be fostered among the staff. Proposal Details Individual Interventions These proposed learning and development strategies are extremely aligned with the objectives of the organization, and their adoption will mark the beginning of increased performance in the company. Many fast-growing organizations have adopted the 70:20:10 model of learning and development. Michael M Lombardo and Robert W Eichinger found that learning and development are most effective when it includes a combination of different learning approach.70 percent represented structured on the job learning, 20 percent represented relationship base learning, and 10 percent represented formal learning. On the job training methods are cost-effective and less disruptive because employees are always at work, training is given on the same machines, and the trainee will be earning while learning. Some of these methods include; coaching which is a one on one training and is efficient in the identification of weak areas quickly. Mentoring focuses on developing employees' attitude towards the job. This should be done by a senior manager (Wilson, 2014). According to (Manuti and Morciano, 2015 p.9), Formal learning is conducted mostly outside the job environment and requires study materials and full concentration from the staff. They include, simulation is the use of an artificial environment which is similar to the exact situation. The techniques to be used in training include; case study, role playing and in-basket training (Phillip, 2016). Benefits and Outcomes Learning and development not only provides benefits to individuals but the organization as well allowing the business to run effectively. Investing in development is worthwhile because of the following outcomes; Through development, the organization will be able to identify weaknesses, skill gaps within the existing workforce and train them to fulfill their roles effectively (Ford, 2014) Through continued learning, staffs have a higher sense of job satisfaction which improves their motivation towards work. Regular learning allows staff to be in touch with the latest technology and can use them comfortably and to its potential. Design Considerations The results of a survey done by the organization showed that employees were more comfortable with on the job training learning styles rather than the off the job because of the practical knowledge give. The formal method of learning will involve groups which will be composed of mixed demographics. The groups will have common goals which have to achieve at the end of the learning period. The employees will be provided with some reinforcements to ensure transfer of training. Some mechanisms to reinforce the training includes giving handouts, popping a post-training interview and provision of continual tips. Implementation Factors The success of any learning and development program depends on the implementation of certain factors affecting it. Since the business has some of the training resources, partial outsourcing will be the sort to complement what is available.in addition financial, human, material resources have to be mobilized for effective learning to take place. Learning should be arranged when it is required the most. Due to this reason, learning will take place at the time when the business is busy, and the dates will be blocked in advance. Validation of Learning Formal and informal ways of measuring learning will be adopted. They include; Balanced scorecards will be used where results are matched to strategy and vision of the company. Use of adoption reporting. This report will show whether the solutions reached the intended learners. Accountability cards and partners will be used in trying to change some behaviors that require observation and coaching. Learning And Development Proposal Evaluation Short-term retention of knowledge is the best way to evaluate the success of learning program. This can be done through, Knowledge Transfer Opportunities allow employees to work together, find and share information which is a great way to share knowledge (Agote and Guo, 2016 p.72).Knowledge transfer can also be achieved by the use of technology which captures key information to be used in the future Workplace Reinforcements Supervisors need to use positive reinforcement to increase productivity and morale of employees. They need to encourage good conduct by rewarding good behavior (Sessa and London, 2015). Conclusion/ Action Plan Learning and development haven't been given keen interest in the previous years, something that has caused a lot of losses to the business. Based on the interventions discussed above the following needs to be implemented for improved performance: Employees must be mentored and coached so that they can improve their knowledge and skills. The old practice of training department making all decisions doesnt seem to be effective hence learning requires inputs from the staff themselves (Roseman and Brocke, 2015 p.116)The human resource department needs to develop proper learning and development systems that are aligned with the organization goals. Bibliography Anderson, D.L., 2016. Organization development: The process of leading organizational change. Sage Publications. Argote, L. and Guo, J.M., 2016. Routines and transactive memory systems: Creating, coordinating, retaining, and transferring knowledge to organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, pp.65-84. Burke, W.W., and Noumair, D.A., 2015. Organization development: A process of learning and changing. FT Press. Cummings, T.G., and Worley, C.G., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage Learning Ford, J.K., 2014. Improving training effectiveness in work organizations. Psychology Press. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management. Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), pp.1-56. Manuti, A., Pastore, S., Scardigno, A.F., Giancaspro, M.L. and Morciano, D., 2015. Formal and informal learning in the workplace: a research review. International Journal of Training and Development, 19(1), pp.1-17. Overton, D.O.C.D., 2017. The Relationship between Knowledge Transfer, Team Learning, and Project Success in the Information Technology Field (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University). Phillips, J.J. and Phillips, P.P., 2016. Handbook of training evaluation and measurement methods. Routledge. Rosemann, M. and vom Brooke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process management. In Handbook of business process management 1 (pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Sessa, V.I. and London, M., 2015. Continuous learning in organizations: Individual, group, and organizational perspectives. Psychology Press. Shockley-Zalabak, P., 2014. Fundamentals of organizational communication. Pearson. Wilson, J.P., 2014. International human resource development: Learning, education, and training for individuals and organizations. Development and Learning in Organizations, 28(2). Van Dooren, W., Bouckaert, G., and Halligan, J., 2015. Performance management in the public sector. Routledge

The Case Against Microsoft Is Based Not Just On Bad Economics, But On

The case against Microsoft is based not just on bad economics, but on a fundamental misunderstanding of government's decision-making role when it comes to market operations. This misunderstanding has led to an attack on one of the US's most successful firms. It is difficult to measure consumer harms, much less harms that may only occur in the future. A common misconception about antitrust law is that its purpose is to ensure fair competition. That's not true; antitrust law's purpose is to protect consumers. If fair competition maximizes their welfare, so be it; if monopoly maximizes their welfare that's what the antitrust laws provide for. It's not clear that Microsoft has a monopoly in the first place. Past Microsoft customers are not a captive market, as the Department of Justice portrays them. Rather, Microsoft must continue to add features and functionality to its products to get its Windows 95 consumers to become Windows 98 (and beyond) consumers. Consumers are free to change operating systems at any time. There are such alternatives as Linux with the graphic interface, the Mac OS but the point is that even if there were none Microsoft's ability to raise prices is strictly limited by the mere possibility of such an alternative's emergence into the market. Predatory pricing that is, the practice of lowering prices to drive out competition, thus enabling massive price increases later? Well, maybe. There are compelling academic theories that question the possibility of predatory pricing in a free market, but economists universally agree that one component of predatory pricing must be high entry/exit costs. If the competition can enter and exit the market at very low cost, driving them out serves very little purpose, since as soon as you, the monopolist, get around to raising your prices, they'll come right back in and compete those profits away. The purpose of this discussion of pricing strategy is to show that Microsoft, despite its size, still fears its competitors both the ones it sees now and the ones that don't exist yet. That is because they aren't quite confident that they have kept up with consumers' preferences about how an important tradeoff is to be made. Microsoft products are similar they represent a certain level of standardization and innovation. This is the source of all the nonsense being bandied about regarding network effects that is, the advantage that Microsoft allegedly enjoys because its systems interact more efficiently with one another than with other firms' applications. It is just a side effect of Microsoft's choosing standardization over innovation a corporate strategy they should be free to pursue. It is perfectly legitimate for consumers to express their preferences about the best way to make this tradeoff; indeed, they do so every day, with their money. It is inappropriate, however, for the government to substitute its judgment of how the standardization-innovation tradeoff should be made for that of the market. Why? Because the market is simply better equipped to make such decisions. Basic economics tells us that prices convey information to firms more efficiently than any other information mechanism. Joel Klein and the other attorneys at the Department of Justice cannot, practically by definition, make informed choices about how to make the various tradeoffs in the software industry. For them to try to do so demonstrates not just hubris but ignorance. And that, at bottom, is the issue in the Microsoft trial. It is not about whether Microsoft is a nice company or whether Bill Gates is a nice person. It is about whom gets to make decisions on how software is made and sold. Do firms get to make those decisions, informed by consumer preferences? Or does the government do so with its well-documented susceptibility to private interests? I think the answer is clear. Bibliography The case against Microsoft is based not just on bad economics, but on a fundamental misunderstanding of government's decision-making role when it comes to market operations. This misunderstanding has led to an attack on one of the US's most successful firms. It is difficult to measure consumer harms, much less harms that may only occur in the future. A common misconception about antitrust law is that its purpose is to ensure fair competition. That's not true; antitrust law's purpose is to protect

10 Best Interior Design Schools in the US

10 Best Interior Design Schools in the US SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips An education in interior design is getting more and more important for aspiring professionals in the field. In many states, you can’t call yourself an interior designer unless you have a license or a certain level of education. If you’re thinking about becoming an interior designer, you’ll want to know about the best interior design schools you can attend in the US. Whether you want to work on residential or commercial design, the following programs will prepare you well for your future career as an interior designer. But before we get to the rankings list, let's briefly go over what makes interior design programs unique. What's So Special About an Interior Design Program? Interior design schools teach a unique set of skills. These programs focus on the creative aspects of design, of course, but a good program also instills strong technical, business, and management skills in its students. If you attend a top interior design school, you'll learn the following: Client-facing skills, such as researching clients' goals and project requirements How to create 2D and 3D space plans How to select colors, materials, textures, and decor How to ensure space plans meet all public health, safety, and welfare requirements and codes How to prepare project budgets and schedules How to prepare construction documents How to collaborate with other professionals, such as architects and engineers How to oversee, manage, and supervise projects Some of these programs offer a Bachelor of Arts (BA), while others offer a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) or even a Bachelor of Science (BS). I'll talk more about the difference between these degrees at the end of this article. How Are These Interior Design Schools Ranked? To come up with a reliable list of the top 10 interior design schools, I aggregated common ranking lists from interior design industry experts (including DesignSchoolsHub and Design Intelligence). These lists compiled the rankings by surveying design professionals and asking which schools best prepare students' for a career in interior design. Note that the following programs aren’t listed in any particular order. If a school is on this list, it’ll give you a top-notch interior design education, regardless of the order it appears in. That said, I did separate the schools into two tiers based on their aggregate rankings. Keep in mind, though, that the most important consideration in choosing one of these schools is finding the one that best fits your own preferences and interests. Now then, let's get to our rankings of the best colleges for interior design! Best Interior Design Schools: Tier 1 These are the top-rated interior design schools, the cream of the crop. They're likely to be the most competitive of all interior design programs, so be cautious when putting together your applications- you don't only want to apply to schools with very low admissions rates! If you want more information about admissions statistics and requirements for any of these schools, just click their names. New York School of Interior Design - New York, NY Degrees Offered: BFA Rankings: #5 by Design Intelligence, #4 by Design Schools Hub Tuition: $350 enrollment fee plus $1060 per credit (16-17 credits per full-time semester) The New York School of Interior Design is the only school on this list that specializes solely in interior design education. It's also a top-ranked grad school for interior design, which indicates strong faculty, networking, and post-grad opportunities. Graduates of this institution have pretty great career prospects: 98% of students find jobs within six months of getting their degrees. If you aren't sure whether you want to commit to a full degree program, or if you don't yet feel prepared to apply to an interior design program, you can also enroll in one of the school's non-degree certificate programs to work on building up your portfolio. One of the best cities to be for any type of arts program. Parsons School of Design (The New School) - New York, NY Degrees Offered: BFA Rankings: #4 by Design Intelligence, #5 by Design Schools Hub Tuition: $25,230 per full-time semester The Parsons School of Design (one of five colleges at The New School) boasts some well-developed networks in commerce and industry, so this school might be a particularly good option for those who wish to pursue commercial design. If you're not sure what you want to focus on, however, you can still find your niche here: Parsons offers more than 35 undergraduate and graduate programs (their grad programs are top-ranked as well). This institution states that they put a special focus on collaborative work, meaning you'd have the opportunity to complete group projects, perhaps even with students who belong to different degree programs. As interior designers have to work with many types of professionals to finish a job, this type of collaboration will be vital in helping prepare you for a career in design. Pratt Institute - New York, NY Degrees Offered: BFA Rankings: #2 by Design Intelligence, #2 by Design Schools Hub Tuition: Around $52,000 per year for full-time students If you're hoping to get a job directly after graduation, then you'll definitely want to check out the Pratt Institute. In 2015, 100% of graduates (who responded to the survey) found jobs within just seven months after graduation. Or if you'd rather continue your education with a grad degree, you'll be pleased to know that 100% of graduates in May 2014 who applied to grad school were accepted to at least one program. (Unfortunately, the school doesn't offer any data on the quality of programs students attended.) Like other schools on this list, the Pratt Institute boasts a top-rated graduate program for interior design. In this MFA program, you'll learn about topics such as sustainable practice, environmental quality, aesthetics, and changing technologies. Rhode Island School of Design - Providence, RI Degrees Offered: BFA Rankings: #3 by Design Intelligence, #3 by Design Schools Hub Tuition: $51,800 per year for full-time students One of the most famous and well-ranked arts and design schools in the US, RISD is located in the city of Providence, which has one of the highest concentrations of artists in the country. The interior design major is known as "interior studies" or "interior architecture" at RISD. RISD is particularly well-known for teaching students with practical instruction and coursework. If you're interested in eventually going to grad school, you should know that RISD also has a highly ranked grad program for interior design, through which you can earn an MA degree. Savannah College of Art and Design - Savannah, GA Degrees Offered: BFA Rankings: #1 by Design Intelligence, #1 by Design Schools Hub Tuition: $37,575 per year for full-time students SCAD is ranked highly across the board for all its art and design programs (not just interior design), ensuring you’ll have access to other artistic and creative resources on campus. While the main campus is located in Savannah, SCAD also has interior design programs in Atlanta and Hong Kong, as well as online. This array of program locations means that you will have more opportunities to land internships in metropolitan areas and even study abroad. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Architecture's not bad for a design school, right? Best Interior Design Schools: Tier 2 These schools are generally lower-ranked than Tier 1 schools, but they still offer pretty strong interior design programs and tend to show up toward the top of many ranking lists. Like with the Tier 1 schools, just click any school name to get more information about admissions statistics and requirements. Cornell University - Ithaca, NY Degrees Offered: BS Rankings: #7 by Design Intelligence, #8 by Design Schools Hub Tuition: $37,880 per year for full-time in-state students; $56,550 per year for full-time out-of-state students Cornell is the only Ivy League school that offers an interior design program. This program has a special focus on the impact of design decisions on the environment. Drexel University - Philadelphia, PA Degrees Offered: BS Rankings: #14 by Design Intelligence, #10 by Design Schools Hub Tuition: Around $18,000 per full-time academic quarter Drexel's program in interior design combines the study of interior design with the study of art and art history. Students explore the behavioral aspects of interior design in addition to aesthetic aspects. Fashion Institute of Technology - New York, NY Degrees Offered: BFA Rankings: # by Design Intelligence, #7 by Design Schools Hub Tuition: $3,435 per semester for full-time in-state students; $10,396 for full-time out-of-state students Although FIT is well known for its fashion design programs, it also boasts a strong interior design program. It's the largest program of its kind in NYC, with around 400 students. If you attend FIT, you'll have the opportunity to work with top professionals in the area, such as architects and interior/lighting/graphic designers. Syracuse University - Syracuse, NY Degrees Offered: BFA, BID (Bachelor of Industrial Design) Rankings: #22 by Design Intelligence, #9 by Design Schools Hub Tuition: $52,210 per year Syracuse offers a program called Environmental and Interior Design, which is a bit broader than most other programs on this list. At Syracuse, interior design students take studio courses in fine arts and crafts to supplement their main course of study. This program might be a good option for students who want to focus on design but also want parts of a more standard liberal arts experience. University of Cincinnati - Cincinnati, OH Degrees Offered: BS Rankings: #6 by Design Intelligence, #6 by Design Schools Hub Tuition: Not yet set for 2019 onwards as of this article's publication; we'll update as it becomes available The interior design program at UC's School of Architecture and Interior Design emphasizes the physical, psychological, and social needs of people at work and at leisure. The program is five years long- slightly longer than the standard four-year bachelor's degree program- and requires one and a half years of cooperative education experience. Furthermore, about 70% of graduates get jobs within three months of graduating. Let's talk about how to choose the interior design program that's best for you. Picking the Right Interior Design Program for You: 5 Factors Although there isn't a gigantic variety of interior design program choices out there, you still have to sift through a lot of information to pick a school that's right for you. Hopefully, this last has got you started on the right track. That said, there are other things to keep in mind before committing to a particular interior design school. Here are five key factors to consider. #1: Make Sure the School Is Accredited by the CIDA First, you'll want to check that the interior design school you're interested in is accredited by the Council for Interior Design Accreditation (CIDA). Any program that claims to prepare you for a career in interior design should be approved by this organization. All the schools on our list above are accredited by CIDA and state this fact very clearly on their websites. If you're not sure whether a particular school is accredited, contact its admissions office and ask. #2: Choose a School That Offers the Degree You Want Most interior design programs offer a BA or BFA, with some offering a BS. If you attend a BA program, you'll likely get more of a traditional liberal arts degree, meaning that the program strives to educate well-rounded artists and scholars. BS degrees, by contrast, are more strictly focused on their subject matter than BAs, so you'll take fewer general education courses. Finally, BFAs are professional degrees; you'll take some general education courses, but the main focus of the program will be helping you hone and focus your artistic talent and voice. #3: Decide Whether You Prefer a Flexible or Focused Program Some of the programs above offer plenty of room for students to explore their artistic and design interests, and boast dozens of degree options and specializations, whereas others are more focused and therefore might be better fits for students who already know what interests they want to pursue. Spend some time exploring the programs' websites to get a better feel for whether they're good fits for you. #4: Look for Portfolio Requirements You Can Meet As with any design or arts program, you'll have to submit a portfolio as part of the application process for any of the schools listed above. Some of these portfolio requirements might seem reasonable, while others might be tough to meet. Explore each program's portfolio requirements well ahead of any application deadlines. #5: Take Location Into Account Are there particular fields or specialties where you might have an advantage if you're living in a certain area? Also, think twice before applying to a school in an area you absolutely hate or are really unsure about. Once you consider these five factors, you'll be better able to choose an interior design program that's right for you. The better the fit, the more successful you're likely to be in school and your career! What's Next? Interested in design but don't know much about it? Start with our guide to the 7 principles of design. If you're planning on going to an interior design school, you'll likely need to create a portfolio of your best work. Learn more about how to make a great portfolio that will definitely impress your dream school. Once you're done putting together a list of schools to apply to, the next step should be figuring out how to pay for your education. Learn more about how to apply for financial aid, how to pay for school without loans, and how to get some of the top scholarships in the country. Thinking about going to an art school instead? Check out our guide to the best art schools in the US! Or, whet your appetite for art school with our short guide to contour line art. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Tackling Childhood and Adult Obesity essays

Tackling Childhood and Adult Obesity essays Drive down your citys main street and observe how many fast food restaurants are located just in that area. This is a typical reason why about one-third of U.S. citizens are overweight or even worse obese. Americans have had an ongoing struggle with nutrition and living a healthy life style, and sadly right now its at its peek. The United States of America is in the worst shape since its independence. I am determined that Americans can change using simple, but effective methods. Im a firm believer because I, myself, am an excellent example of how someone can be overweight and become healthy through dieting and exercise. A solid support group is key to weight loss. Our Nations schools need to have dieting and exercise programs to motivate the students and the people around them. I am not the only one who says nutrition is crucial, but I am one of the few who cares enough to change the direction this country is heading in. Nutrition is a widely discussed topic in America. Whether its about the population and its obesity rate over time or nutritional facts and hints to a healthy lifestyle, nutrition is considered a broad, popular, and important topic of discussion. Lately American citizens have been having issues with weight and are malnourished (Lemley, Balanced Living). Which is weird to hear because America is the most overfed country in the world. How can a country have too much food and still be unhealthy? Although there is plentiful food in America, most of the food consumed nowadays is classified as junk food. On top of that, ones include: fried foods, sweets, soda pop, etc. All this is what causes malnutrition. Malnutrition is the lack of proper nutritio...

The Women of Uncle Toms Cabin Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Women of Uncle Toms Cabin - Research Proposal Example For example, its depiction of women is one of the book’s most glaring facets which is rarely looked upon. How does Uncle Tom’s Cabin regard women? Are women passive or active agents of change? To better understand the role of women in the book, we can use a feminist approach. One view we can use is that of Susan Lanser wherein she promoted a feminist narratology wherein women’s writings, feminist points of view and questions of gender are directly addressed. This method aims to look at the socio-political context of the writing so as to understand the voice, context and the plot of the story in a more in-depth manner. While Uncle Tom’s Cabin was written before the spread of the women’s rights movement, it provided women with a voice to speak out their concerns against the inequality happening in the society at the time. This is unusual since women at the time had no voting rights and they were expected to be passive observers. Hence, it is also impo rtant to look into the background of the author.

Reflection and Evaluation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection and Evaluation Paper - Essay Example Reflection and evaluation enables the communication practitioners understand whether the communication has attained its objectives of ensuring attitudes and behaviour changes of the stakeholders in the organization (Bryman, 2001). Accordingly, reflection will enable the management to identify any gaps and omissions in their communication strategies and especially in the design of the messages (Bryman, 2001). The results of evaluation will be used by the hospital in determining the further course of action in order to ensure further messages contain the required content and are suitable for the audience. Accordingly, evaluation is necessarily in order to understand whether interpersonal conflicts have been solved and how power needs to be managed in the company (Reddy & Sinha, 1991). The reflection will enable the management understand the best approaches in ensuring intercultural communication and tools that are necessary to continuous assess the systems, tasks and people in order to prevent future crisis in the company (Bryman, 2001). The organization will be capable to assess whether there is a open communication climate that encourages cultural diversity and interpersonal relationships in order to facilitate communication within the organization. The evaluation will enable the management assess the management of press releases and press conferences during the critical event and identify any sources of misleading information and the impact of using several media such as interviews, press releases and electronic media (Bryman, 2001). There are several things that should be done differently next time in order to ensure timely resolution of the interpersonal conflicts and power struggles at Patton-Fuller Community hospital. I believe the first step would have been to understand the sources of the interpersonal conflicts at the

Philosophical and Ethical Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Philosophical and Ethical Concepts - Essay Example Over 70 percent of the Americans believe that the organizations have been stated to be very wasteful on the charitable funds that they get. Only 10 percent of the Americans are convinced that the charity organizations have been doing the right thing and using the money wisely. 17 percent of the Americans believe that the funds were making the right decisions. The statistics show how much the charity organization created mistrust to their donors. The ethical concern is of much importance in this case, and they need much proper understanding. The moral judgment comes later after addressing the ethical concerns. To start with, one needs to go through the principal forces that affect the experience of the organizations. The ethical issues that are in the non-profit sector should also be the subject of discussion in order to solve the problems that are associated with the charitable organizations. Thereafter there has to be solutions to the problems that face the charity organizations on the issue of misconduct. There are the ethical challenges in the organizations, and they lead to the misconduct. The challenges that are evident in this case and they end up in criminal violations (VanderWallen 142). The moral conduct has got some crucial factors that influence them. Moral awareness is very much essential when it comes to addressing the ethical issues. After creating the moral awareness in a charity organization, it is crucial to come up with an ethical decision making which is thereafter followed by moral intent. The last step is coming up with the moral actions. Following all these steps will result in the elimination of the misconduct. The moral judgment of the people is crucial for all aspects. In this case the moral sense of the donors is critical. The donor is a person who wants to contribute to the charity work. It is crucial for the donors to be enlightened about the misconducts in organization. The

Job Satisfaction And Its Importance In The Workplace Education Essay

Job Satisfaction And Its Importance In The Workplace Education Essay Job satisfaction is increasingly becoming important in the workplace. Employers now recognise that the happier their employees are, the better will be their attitudes towards the work, the higher their motivation and the better will be their performance. Job satisfaction in any field of work depends a lot on how conducive the work environment is. The work itself, the pay and the scope for promotion are only some of the factors which have an impact on job satisfaction. Educators job satisfaction is important as it has a direct impact on students achievement and their future career (Pitkoff, 1993). An educator who is unsatisfied with his/her job tends to be unmotivated and more likely to escape from his/her responsibilities. In these circumstances, we tend to see an increase in absenteeism among teachers. Such educators usually show little concern in school matters and this obviously has a negative impact on the performance of our children. Various studies have been carried out in the past to assess the impact of motivation and job satisfaction on employee productivity and performance (Vroom, 1964). Some of these studies have found a positive relationship between job satisfaction and job performance which leads to the conclusion that satisfied employees tend to perform much better than less satisfied ones. 2.1 Definition of job satisfaction Job satisfaction is one of the most investigated topics in the fields of organizational behaviour. The most-used research definition of job satisfaction is by Locke (1976), who defined it as . . . a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experiences (p. 1304). It is now recognized that job satisfaction is a global concept that also comprises various facets (Judge et al., 2001) including pay, promotions, co-workers, supervision, the work itself, recognition, working conditions, and company and management. Job satisfaction has also been defined as the extent to which a staff member has favourable or positive feelings about work or the work environment (De Nobile, 2003). It refers to the positive attitudes or emotional dispositions people may gain from work or through aspects of work (Furnham, 1997; Locke, 1976). Ivancevich et al. (1997) defined job satisfaction as the feeling and perception of a worker regarding his/her work and how he or she feels himself well in an organization. Davis and Newstrom (2003) and Dessler (2001) describe job satisfaction as a set of favorable or unfavorable feelings for the employees to perceive their work and that determine the possibility of a major disposition to achieve higher performance. Therefore, job satisfaction refers to an individuals general attitude toward his or her job (Robbins, 1998). Jensen (2000) defines job satisfaction as: a sense of personal growth most often measured by the extent of new challenges and learning situations experienced (p. 1). On the other hand, job dissatisfaction refers to unhappy or negative feelings about work or the work environment (Furnham, 1997). There exist many factors which may result in job dissatisfaction. Some of them are poor working conditions, overwork, low levels of pay, no scope of promotion or career advancement and lack of recognition. But what is worst are the consequences of job dissatisfaction which obviously affect both the employees and the organization. It may result in loss of motivation, lack of interest, frustration, poor productivity, absenteeism and even high turnover rates. To sum up, we can say that job satisfaction describes how content an individual with his or her job and also implies doing a job one enjoys, doing it well, and being suitably rewarded for ones efforts. Job satisfaction further implies enthusiasm and happiness with ones work. 2.2 Factors affecting job satisfaction Job satisfaction depends on several different factors such as satisfaction with pay, promotion opportunities, fringe benefits, job security, relationship with co-workers and supervisors and communication within the organisation. (Nguyen, Taylor, Bradley, 2003). Job satisfaction may lead to cost reduction by reducing absences, task errors, conflicts at work and turnover. As work is an important aspect of peoples lives and most people spend a large part of their working lives at work, understanding the factors involved in job satisfaction is crucial to improving employees performance and productivity. 2.2.1 Age Age is one of the factors affecting job satisfaction. Various studies carried out in this field have shown that job satisfaction tends to increase with age. That is older employees tend to report higher satisfaction and younger employees report the lowest job satisfaction rates (Warr, 1992). However, the study carried out by Oshagbemi (2003) in United Kingdom (UK), found that the relationship between job satisfaction and age was insignificant for employees of the UK universities. 2.2.2 Gender Several researchers have examined the relationship between job satisfaction and gender (Mason, 1995). However, most studies have shown contractions in the relationship between job satisfaction and gender of the employees. On one hand, some studies have found women to be more satisfied than men (Ward and Sloane, 1998), whereas other studies have found men to be more satisfied than women (Forgionne and Peters, 1982). 2.2.3 Working environment It is essential to provide employees with a work environment which is conducive to their overall development. They need an environment which is healthy and safe and which caters for both personal comfort and facilitates doing a good job. As mentioned earlier, people spend a high percentage of their lifetime at work. So we can say that employees expect more than money for the work they do. Hence, it can be said that having a friendly and supportive environment can lead to increased job satisfaction. Syptak, Marshland and Ulmer (1999) advise organisations to do everything they can to keep the companys equipment and facilities up to date. In their article, they also recommend organisations to avoid overcrowding and allow each employee his or her own personal space, whether it is a desk, a locker or even just a drawer (p. 1). 2.2.4 Fair policies and practices Individuals who perceive that promotion decisions are made in a fair and just manner are likely to experience satisfaction from their jobs (Witt and Nye, 1992). Very often employees are demotivated and dissatisfied with their jobs because unfair policies and practices prevail at their place of work. It is therefore of utmost importance for organization to have a fair and equal system in terms of practices and policies so that there is no discrimination and frustration. It is a fact that organization which follows the right procedures to promote employees creates a culture of trust, loyalty and beliefs in the whole organization. When an employee gets fair promotion, which is generally based on his true assessment, he gets a type of recognition, and hence, increases his job satisfaction. In other words, we can say that promotion provides opportunities for personal growth, more responsibilities, and increased social status. 2.2.5 Caring organization Taylor (2000) suggested that job satisfaction is directly related to a companys investment in its employees well- being. Arthur (2001) pointed out that employees want to believe their company really cares about them. Care can be shown in various ways, but generally it takes into consideration career development, adult treatment, being taken seriously and being appreciated for a job well done. (p. 221). When people feel that the organization for which they are working cares for them and takes actions in order to improve their work and lives, they are happy and this creates higher satisfaction. These employees furthermore become loyal and committed. Advantages of job satisfaction to the organisation The Frederick Herzbergs theory and job satisfaction To better understand what keeps job satisfaction high, it is important to recall Frederick Herzbergs theory. The latter put forward that satisfaction on the job depends on two elements: hygiene issues and motivators. Hygiene issues (dissatisfiers) Motivators (satisfiers) Organisational policies Work itself Kind of supervision Achievement Salary Recognition Interpersonal relations Responsibility Working conditions Growth opportunities Job security According to the Herzbergs theory, Hygiene issues cannot motivate employees but they can help to minimize dissatisfaction, if handled properly (p. 1). These issues are directly related to the employees working environment. On the other hand, motivators create satisfaction by fulfilling individuals needs for meaning and personal growth (Syptak, Marshland and Ulmer, 1999). The above theory can be very helpful in guiding organizations on how to maintain employee satisfaction. Job satisfaction and productivity Studies have shown that, only a few organizations believe that job satisfaction is a crucial element in their overall strategy and very little is being done to promote it. This can be due to the fact that many organisations fail to understand the link between job satisfaction and productivity. Should we not care about job satisfaction? Is it true to say that happy workers are productive ones? In fact, in the right conditions and settings, job satisfaction can to a great degree lead to higher productivity. If employees feel that their jobs are fun and interesting, they will be more willing to give extra effort at work for the benefit of the whole organization. Instead if employees have the feeling that their occupations are meaningless and boring, they will have a negative attitude which will definitely lead to a decline in productivity. Job satisfaction helps to create a better working environment When employees are enjoying a higher degree of job satisfaction they tend to be more helpful and friendly with their colleagues at work. This helps to promote teamwork where sharing of information and knowledge is enhanced. Moreover studies have shown that job satisfaction among employees may lead to a better and safer working environment with lesser negative conflicts which otherwise would impede the smooth running of the organization. Job satisfaction and absenteeism and turnover High rate of turnover has always been a great problem to many organizations. It obviously results in loss of potentials and talents and causes huge losses in terms of additional costs. According to Sattler and Mullen, generally, the more productive people are, the more satisfied they tend to be and when employees feel satisfied they are less likely to leave the organization. (2007). From this, we can say that in order to retain talented people in the organisations, managers need to devise strategies in order to bring about job satisfaction. Once employees are happy and satisfied at work, the rate of absenteeism and turnover will be lower. Achievement and responsibility According to Herzberg theory, achievement and responsibility are two important motivational factors which can be used to create job satisfaction at work. Noe (2005) suggests that learning can be facilitated by providing employees with specific challenging goals and objectives (p.111). In this context, managers need to set clear and achievable goals to their employees. This will help to provide employees with a sense of achievement on completion of tasks and may bring about more satisfaction. Furthermore organisations need to empower and encourage their employees to take more responsibility. Such strategies do help to bring more satisfaction in employees and make them more loyal, committed and will have ownership interests in their jobs. Employee satisfaction can lead to customer satisfaction Numerous studies have been carried out to look at the link between customer and employee satisfaction. Many of them have shown a relationship between employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction and profitability. For example, a study carried out at Sears Roebuck Co. showed that a five-point improvement in employee attitudes led to a 1.3 rise in customer satisfaction which, in turn, generated a 0.5 increase in revenues. Brooks (2000) reviewed the relationship between financial success and customer and employee variables (e.g., customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction, etc.) and found that, depending on market segment and industry, between 40 and 80 percent of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty was accounted for by the relationship between employee attitudes and customer-related variables. Similarly, Vilares and Cohelo (2000) found that perceived employee satisfaction, perceived employee loyalty, and perceived employee commitment had a sizable impact on perceived product quality and on perceived service quality. In other words, when our staff is happy, our customers will be too. At the heart of these endeavors is a strong belief that todays employee satisfaction, loyalty and commitment influence tomorrows customer satisfaction, loyalty and commitment-and, ultimately, the organizations profit and growth. Job satisfaction is a matter of great significance for employers. As shown above, organizations benefit a lot from satisfied employees in the following ways: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lower staff turnover à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Higher productivity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reduction in conflicts and complaints à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Punctuality (reduced lateness) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Better worked morale Therefore, we can say that job dissatisfaction affects both the organisation and the employees negatively. If job dissatisfaction prevails, the organisation is likely to be affected through poor customer service, quality production and profitability. It is a clear and obvious that employees lacking loyalty and commitment will show very little original thinking and will absent themselves very often from work. All these put together will clearly result in poor performance and low profitability for the organisation. Job satisfaction in the primary educational sector It is known to everyone that reward and recognition are very scarce when it comes to the primary educational sector. Numerous studies carried out by sociologists have confirmed this. Moreover, as most of the teachers work is being carried out within the walls of closed classrooms, teachers often find themselves isolated from others without any support from peers and superiors. Due to such organisational structure, teachers do not receive appropriate feedback from others and often find it hard to work together so as to improve their work. According to Frase, 1992, many teachers leave teaching within the first three years of employment as a result of these conditions. Decision makers therefore need to find ways to retain teachers in the profession and keep them motivated and at the same time promote satisfaction. Studies have shown fairly convincingly that teachers are motivated more by intrinsic than by extrinsic rewards. Pastor and Erlandson (1982) Carried out a survey which found that teachers identify their needs and measure their job satisfaction by factors such as participation in decision-making, use of valued skills, freedom and independence, challenge, expression of creativity, and opportunity for learning. In a survey conducted by Brodinsky and Neill (1983), a majority of school administrators (and teachers) cited three policies that effectively improved morale and motivated their staffs: shared governance, in-service education, and systematic and supportive evaluation. New Theories of Teacher Motivation Frase, 1992 identified two sets of factors that affect teachers ability to perform effectively and therefore derive job satisfaction. These two factors are 1. Work context factors 2. Work content factors. Work Context Factors Work context factors are those which meet the basic needs such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the class size à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ discipline conditions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ availability of teaching materials à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the quality of the head masters supervision and his/her leadership style According to Frase, 1992, the above context factors do not bring job satisfaction as such. However, during their absences or if not well handled, problems which might affect the teaching and learning process might crop. They may thus lead to job dissatisfaction. Work Content Factors According to Frase, once again, work content factors are intrinsic aspects related to the work itself. They include opportunities for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ professional development such as further on job training leading to personal growth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Recognition of hard work à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ challenging and varied tasks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ increased responsibility and empowerment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ achievement and authority. Studies carried out by the National Center for Education Statistics in the United States (1997) have clearly shown that teachers who do not feel supported in the above fields are less motivated to do their best work in the classroom. Their data confirm that staff recognition, parental support, teacher participation in school decision making and control in the classroom are the factors most strongly associated with teacher satisfaction. Difficulties educators face in the classroom As an educator, it can bring much satisfaction to see students develop new skills and competences and achieve success in terms of knowledge. However, it may be frustrating when one is dealing with unmotivated or disrespectful students. Very often, teachers must cope with unruly behaviour and violence in the schools. Teachers may experience stress in dealing with large classes, heavy workloads, or old schools that are run down and lack many modern facilities. Accountability standards also may increase stress levels, with teachers expected to produce students who are able to exhibit satisfactory performance on standardised tests in core subjects. Many teachers are also frustrated by the lack of control they have over what they are required to teach. Working Conditions It takes a decent work environment to teach well. Art 8 or the 1966 ILO/UNESCO Recommendation states that, we must improve the working conditions and school environment so as to best promote effective learning and teaching, and enable teachers to concentrate on their professional tasks. Workload has to be fair to be able to carry or tasks effectively and must not have a negative impact on the health and safety of teachers. Also, the authorities must devote equal teaching resources to all educational institutions. School climate The values, attitudes, expectations and behaviour more or less shared by the members of a school community are generally referred to as school climate. A positive school climate plays an important role in fostering teachers performance, academic achievement of students and school motivation. A positive school climate nurtures an atmosphere of trust and mutual respect between each and everyone in the school. Teachers would like to work in schools where they can feel comfortable with their colleagues and the school leadership. Therefore, creating a healthy school environment for everyone begins by supporting healthy relationships among the staff. Healthy relationships produce a climate conducive to honesty, open communication, and risk-taking (Ames Miller, 1994). In a true learning community, cooperative learning and mutual respect are expected of faculty as well as students. Establishing a supportive school environment increases self-esteem and achievement (Cantwell, 2003). Leadership Teachers are more satisfied when their head teachers are good and model leaders. This includes motivating employees to do a good job and striving for excellence. Effective head teachers create structures in which it is clear that teachers have a certain authority. In certain schools some head teachers empower their teachers to work on certain tasks like creating a media and audio visual room, or creating other structures for the benefit and welfare of students as well as for staff members. Such kind of empowerment and trust in employees yield commitment, loyalty and higher performance at the place of work. Such leaders motivate subordinates to do more than originally expected. They raise the consciousness of subordinates about the importance and value of designated outcomes and ways of reaching them and, in turn, get subordinates to transcend their own immediate self-interests for the sake of the mission and vision of the organization. (Yammarino, Spangler and Bass,1993). Teachers performance Educators job is one which does not produce tangible goods whose quality could be measured quantitatively. Their jobs consist of preparing pupils of 5-11 years old academically and help them in their overall development. As a matter of fact, it is difficult to measure their performance. A few years back, with ranking system at the CPE level, inspectors and school head teachers used to assess the performance of their staff by analyzing the performance of students in the final exam. However, this is not an ideal way of measuring performance as there are other factors apart from the CPE pass rate which are linked to the teachers performance. Training After completion of a two year diploma course at the Mauritius Institute of Education (MIE), the educator is posted in a given school and is assigned the responsibility of a class. The MIE together with the Ministry of Education offer supplementary courses so as to upgrade the standards of educators and at the same time keep them abreast changes occurring in terms of methodology, contents and curriculum. Some of these courses are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Certificate in Educational Management à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Diploma in Educational Management à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Advanced Certificate in Educational Management After the completion of these courses, educators are eligible for a rise in their salary and furthermore are eligible to postulate for jobs like Deputy Head Teacher and Head Teacher. It is a fact that the more positive the perceptions employees have concerning the usefulness and scope of advancement the training sessions will provide to them, the higher will their job satisfaction. Promotional prospects Promotion in the primary sector is based on seniority. It is only after about twenty five years of service that a teacher will be automatically promoted to Deputy Head Teacher. From there, the latter will have to wait for some five more years to aspire to become the head of a school. As a matter of fact, the promotional scope is rather restricted and this is a real demotivating factor to many educators in the field.

Court History and Purpose Paper Essay

The Superior Court of Los Angeles County is the largest single unified court in the United States. This court serves over 40 courthouses and operates about 600 courtrooms and staffs approximately 5,400 employees. The Municipal court is devoted to resolving and recording legal matters while upholding values of Integrity, Accessibility, and fairness. Growing up in Los Angeles has always fascinated me with how the court system processes so many criminals in the amount of time they have, with the amount of employees they staff. How do they do it (Hansen, 1998)? The traffic court handles cases that start off with citations or tickets written by a law enforcement officer. Parking tickets are not process at traffic division courts, only by local city or Los Angeles Parking Violations Bureau. Driving Under the Influence (DUI) cases are handled in criminal court division. When cases the State has filed against one or more persons involved in criminal offenses such as, infractions, felonies, and misdemeanors the criminal court handles these cases. Criminal division also handles warrants, fugitive warrants and extradition proceedings, and grand jury indictments. The policy makers of the U.S. Constitution requested that the federal government have limited power, to regulate the kind of cases federal courts would have. Most of the laws that are passed are decided by usually the state which allows the state court to handle most disputes that govern our lives on day to day bases. The federal courts defend our freedom of speech and our equal protection under the law. Federalism is the significant idea of a government dividing the power amongst a national government and a state or regional government. State courts primarily handle all cases that the federal court will not take. When federal courts portray federal laws, state court interprets a state law which is called â€Å"General Jurisdiction†. The federal court system only hears  special cases under certain circumstances. Basically, the federal court hear two types of cases; those that raise a â€Å"federal question† and those that involving â€Å"diversity of citizenship† (Gray, Ritter & Graham, 2012). A common law legal system is a system of law identified by case law which is developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals. Common law systems also include images enacted by legislative frame. In comparison to common law systems, civil law systems are created on a set of legal codes, which are organized laws that pursue to cover exhaustively the various legal domains. It is characterized by an absence of precedent in the judicial application of these codes. Common law courts have had the authority to make law where no legislative statute exists, and statutes mean what courts interpret them to mean. By contrast, in the civil law jurisdictions the legal tradition that prevails or is combined with common law is statured. The criminal justice system is made up of sets of agencies and processes that are established by governments to control crime and impose penalties on those who violate the law. The criminal justice system operates differently depending on the jurisdiction it is in charge of, whether it be city, county, state, federal or tribal government or military installation. Different jurisdictions have various laws, agencies, and ways of managing the criminal justice process. The justice system is the mechanism that upholds the rule of the law. The courts provide a forum to resolve disputes and to test and enforce laws in a fair and rational manner. The courts are an impartial forum, and judges are free to apply the law without regard to the government’s wishes or the weight of the public’s opinion. Court decisions are based on what the law says and what the evidence proves. There is no place in the courts for suspicion, bias or favoritism. This is why justice is often symbolized as a blindfolded figure balancing a set of scales, oblivious to anything that could detract from the pursuit of an outcome that is just and fair. Though a number of rights derived from the Constitution protect the accused from abuses and overreaching from law enforcement officers, the arguably most important of these rights are the Miranda advisement and the Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Superior_Court http://judiciallearningcenter.org/state-courts-vs-federal-courts

How will you measure your life? Essay

1. How can I be sure that I’ll be happy in my career? Some people assert that money is the most powerful motivator in their lives, and the more money they earn, the more happiness they will have. However, from my personal perspective, I believe that getting more opportunity to learn what I am not familiar with, taking responsible for my behavior, contributing to others in need in the society, and trying my best to achieve my goals in my career are the most happiest things in my professional career life. In addition, from my point of view, management is the most effective way to get these points, if management practice well. The author states that â€Å" No other occupation offers as many ways to help others learn and grow, take responsibility and be recognized for achievement, and contribute to the success of a team.† So, it is important for me to learn well about management. This occupation of management also help the managers improve their skills. Learning from the process of doing business , what I have learned, is able to mak e my career more successful. For me, it is the reason to enable that I will be happy in my career. 2. How can I be sure that my relationships with my spouse and my family become an enduring sourceof happiness? In the business relationship, people invest to a program probably get reward immediately, but contributing to a family is not the same case of investment. For example, family may bring me what I need of happiness is a long-term process. In my case, the reason I try my best to work hard is to give my family members better lives and it is an indispensable goal of my life. In addition, I believe most individuals take the same responsibilities to hold a family. With the personal development, some people change their focus from families to their work. Consequently, they might forget the original purpose., so people should balance their work and family because of everyone’s limited resource, if not, people might make their lives to the different places what they previous intended to. Paying attention to what my family members need and how they feel about in this period is the most important thing for me.

Domestic Child Abuse Essay Example

Domestic Child Abuse Essay Example Domestic Child Abuse Paper Domestic Child Abuse Paper â€Å"Child abuse is more than bruises and broken bones. † These are the words of Saisan, Smith and Segal (par 1). in their article on Child Abuse and Neglect. Children have been abused at home by their parents, older siblings as well as those who take care of them. Perhaps they are punished because their misbehaviors but any punishment that goes beyond the boundaries is child abuse. Physical abuse is shocking because of the scars left behind but emotional abuse can even be worse. Little is known that ignoring the needs of a child or making a child feel stupid and worthless is child abuse (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 1-2). Why would parents assault their children? What are the dangers of after a child abuse? Is there any cure to end domestic violence? This research paper aims at exploring the causes, effects and solutions to domestic child abuse. Facts about Domestic Child Abuse Child domestic violence is a reality and it is happening at an alarming rate. It is however not committed out of an abnormal condition of the mind but it is committed by people who would be considered as normal. Child domestic abuse occurs everywhere in the world irrespective of a people’s culture, race, social class, religion or creed. Newman adds that â€Å"It is not an abnormal aberration; it is a fundamental characteristic of the way we relate to one another in private, intimate setting† (Newman 212). A survey carried out by Dr. C. H. Kempe in the early years of 1960’s, brought the society to the attention of domestic child abuse. Parents, siblings and caretakers did not only assault the children at home physically but also sexually. They did this more than the strangers did according to the surveys that Dr. Kempe made. He and his fellow colleagues referred to domestic child abuse as ‘battered child syndrome’ (Davis 3). Domestic child abuse is something that has been learnt. United States in particular is famously known for applying violence to achieve a goal. To the psychology of many people, it is only through violence that certain problems can be solved. Violence has pervaded culture. It starts from movies running down to schools, spectator sports, governments and at home. Families increase the intensity of the violence that already exists (Newman 212). Types of Child Abuse Though there may be different types of domestic child abuse, the core element is their effect on a child’s emotions. Whether the child was abused by slapping, a comment that is harsh, stony silence, or going without dinner, they all breed a feeling of insecurity, not being cared for and loneliness (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 13). Physical Abuse Physical injury or harm can result from a deliberate attempt by the parent or the care giver to hurt a child. It can also be as a result of instilling discipline in a child. Severe beating given as punishment that is not in accordance to the age of a child is physical child abuse. Additionally, when a parent physically attacks a child out of anger, he or she is abusive. A child should be made to know what is right or wrong in a calm way and not when the parents fumes with anger (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 18-20). This is the most common type of child abuse. According to reports 143, 300 children had suffered serious injuries out of physical abuse in US in the year 1990 (Carter, par 23). Emotional Abuse The old adage â€Å"Sticks and stones may break my bones but words will never hurt me? (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 14). As quoted by Saisan, Smith Segal in their article on Child Abuse and Neglect this saying will not apply when it comes to domestic child abuse. Emotional child abuse such as humiliating a child constantly, calling negative names, constant yelling and threatening the child, limited or no contact with the child such as hugging causes severe mental damage to a child leaving psychological scars that will for ever remain (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 15). Sexual Abuse Sexual abuse is not always a body contact. Even exposing a child to a sexual materials and situations is abusive. Both girls and boys are at risk of sexual abuse from close relatives and caregivers. This abuse leads to shame, guilt and makes a child feel stigmatized. They develop a hate towards themselves leading to sexual problems at later days such as failure to indulge into intimate sexual relationships (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 21-23). Child Neglect Failing to meet the basic needs of a child such as enough food, clothing and even supervision can be dangerous. A parent might physically or mentally fail to provide for the child and this will hurt their parent-child relationship. The older children in case of neglect will play-act as if all is well but neglect also affects them (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 16-17). Causes of Domestic Child Abuse Personal factors like stress and frustration are the major causes of domestic violence on children. The children spend most of their time with the members of his/her family. They are the people that children interact most with. Emotions in families run deep. For instance, anger towards a stranger cannot be compared to the anger towards a child at home. Newman in his book points out that â€Å"Family life contains endless sources of stress and tension† (Newman 212). Children expect so much from their families ranging from warmth, intimacy, emotional to financial support. When the children’s expectations are not met, stress takes toll. The child will start grappling and this can lead to their attack by parents or even elder members of the family. On the other hand birth and bringing up a child, employment transitions, financial problems, illnesses, among other factors are enough stressors to parents such that when slightly provoked by their children can lead to beatings and other forms of child abuse (Newman 212). When a parent or a caregiver is frustrated by life’s stressors, he or she may displace his anger to the vulnerable creature in the house. In the process, children are injured not because they have committed any crime but the parent’s failure to control their emotions (Williams, par 1). Addictions to alcohol and other drugs make great contributions to child domestic violence. Addiction to Alcohol leaves one with less self control not only when one is drunk but also when he/she is sober. The poor self control make one abusive to his/her children or the children that are put under the care if him/her. This is the leading cause for sexual child abuse at home (Williams, par 1). Domestic violence between parents leads to child abuse. When a child witnesses his/her parents in a tug of war, he is emotionally affected. It may become implanted in a child and may lead to youth and adult violence as well as other criminalities (Carter, par 4). More so, children can be physically injured in the process. The injury may be accidental during their parents’ attacking each other. For instance when an object is thrown and hits the child. Small babies may be hurt while it is being held. Children also are attacked while trying to make interventions to the fighting parents. Dangerously, a child can also be hurt intentionally in an effort of one parent trying to intimidate the other. Whether emotionally of physically, accidentally or intentionally, domestic fights between partners is one of the leading causes of domestic child abuse (Carter, par 6). Gang affiliation especially for children who are at their teens is also a cause to domestic abuse. The teens are bound to give away their family loyalty to their gangs. They for this move disrespect their older siblings and more importantly their parents. This can lead to attack by the family members even when they mean no harm for the child. The teens who now feel above the family law are constantly reported of attacking their parents and elder siblings (Williams, par 1). Symptoms of a Domestically Abused Child Children who are domestically abused are normally angry and aggressive after a slight provocation. More so, they are withdrawn and keep to themselves without indulging in any social activity. They are never cheerful and always wear a dull face. Other signs of domestically abused children include fear, depression, anxiety, hyperactivity, PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder), and low self esteem (Jones . 41). Effects of Abuse Domestic child abuse leave life long scars irrespective of the abuse type. The scars might physically be seen and will heal away but emotional scars have effects that are long lasting. The emotional damage caused by domestic abuse is the most severe and affects a child in almost all aspects. Children who are emotionally abused find it difficult to maintain healthy relationships, cannot function properly at home and at school among other damages (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 8). Physical abuse can lead to severe injuries or death. Children get bruised faces, broken legs and hands among other injuries. (Carter, par 5). Some children cannot endure the torture and they die in the process. â€Å"More than three children die per day because of child abuse† (Carter, par 22). Carter laments in an article on, Domestic Violence, Child Abuse, and Youth Violence: Strategies for Prevention and Early Intervention (Carter, par 22). Following a research carried out between the years 1990 to 1994, about 5,400 children had died as a result of domestic child abuse (Carter, par 5). As Newman in his book Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of everyday life â€Å"Child abuse can sometimes be fatal† (Newman 212). According to a study carried out in the year 2004, approximately 1, 5000 children faced death as a result of abuse and neglect. Further studies revealed that of the deaths, 90% of the children had been killed by parents, a parent’s unmarried partner or close relatives. Most of the children, about 80%, who succumbed to death, were less than four years of age (Newman, 212). The children lack trust with their parents. Saisan, Smith Segal in their article on Child Abuse And Neglect ask a very sensitive question, â€Å"If you can’t trust your parents, who can you trust? † (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 8). When the primary caregivers have damaged their relationship with a child, the child lacks trust in them. They feel that their emotional needs as well as physical needs cannot be met by people responsible for taking care of them. When a child grows up with this mistrust, it is difficult in future to trust other people. The children will have problems in keeping relationships for fear of abuse and control. More so the child had never known what it means to have a good relationship and may end up in unhealthy relationships (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 10). Neglect and abuse of the child at home can break the attachment of the child from the caregiver or a parent who is abusive. The relationship between the parent and the child can easily be lost if the child constantly faces domestic violence. It can be so dangerous when the relationship is broken as the child can even deteriorate in behavior with an effort of hurting its parent. The child lacks respect for its parents (Jones 41). Domestic child abuse leads to a low self esteem. Due to constant abuses at home, the child feels worthless. It sees itself as a bad child who cannot do the right thing. For instance, when one grows in a family where he/she is always regarded as stupid, this is cultivated in the mind of the individual and it is very hard to change these feelings even as an adult. They will therefore end up doing poorly in school because they believe they are stupid. Even in working conditions an individual will not aspire for high level jobs because they believe they cannot deliver (Saisan, Smith Segal, par. 11). Very Young children cannot understand why they are being abused and tend to believe they must have committed a crime while it may not be the cause. They therefore start blaming themselves. Since they lack the ability to express their feelings, they become withdrawn and silent. Their self esteem is destroyed in the process (Volpe, par. 13). A pre-adolescent child can greatly externalize the negative emotions and will loose interest in any social activity. They become defiant at home and in school aggressive to other people especially in school and worse still, they are likely to indulge into drug and substance abuse (Volpe, par. 14-15). Children who have been victims of domestic abuse have difficulty in expressing their emotions. Their emotions come out in ways that are unexpected. In the adult life, the person will always have struggles with anxiety, anger, depression that cannot be explained. These painful feelings may lead them into alcohol and drug abuse in a way of numbing them (Saisan, Smith Segal, par. 12). Children who are assaulted in their families can loose concentration in class leading to poor performance. They can at times drop out of school as they have lacked meaning in life. Due to physical injuries, they are constantly absent from school to nurse their injuries. This negatively affects their studies (Jones 41). Generally, children who experience victimization at home are negatively affected in development, psychological functioning as well as in their adjustment. The effects are demonstrated in the behavioral and emotional symptoms. However, a child can be affected in the way he/she perceives events, coping with stress as well as reacting to problems. These and many more problems result fro domestic child abuse (Jones 41). Solutions to Domestic Child Abuse It is possible to curb domestic child abuse. According to the many researches that have been carried out, giving children adequate material, emotional and social support as well as giving them safety can end domestic abuse (Spears 6). Parents can stop from being abusive to their children and in turn cultivate love towards their children. Kids want to feel loved and special. By so doing, they are capable of making their dreams come true (Prevent Child Abuse, par 1). Parents should stop fighting between themselves. Their fights hurt children in one way of the other. The emotional injury that is done to a child during domestic violence between partners is life-long. If at all these injuries have to be stopped, parents should learn to solve their problems in other ways apart from fighting. They should even do it in their privacy out of the reach of children. In so doing most of domestic child abuse will have found a solution (Carter, par 6). Parents need to know how to control their emotions. As a parent or a caregiver who is faced by life challenges such as frustrations and tress from the work place, it is important to take some time out controlling your emotions and not reflecting it to the children (Prevent Child Abuse, par 3). Relatives, friends and neighbors can help their families who are struggling with domestic child abuse. They can spend their time together with the family helping them resolve their conflicts or look after the children for sometime to help parents relax and sort themselves out (Prevent Child Abuse, par 2). The public needs education to change their social norms that expose children to abuse at home. Educational campaigns on domestic child abuse will play a great role in informing parents and caretakers about the effects that result fro child abuse. They will hopingly apply what they have learnt and stop domestic child abuse (Carter, par 27) Finally, the community at large has a role to play to stop domestic child abuse. In case there is a feeling that a child is being domestically abuse, it is important to report the matter to the relevant authorities such as the local children’s department, family services or the local police. Children are vulnerable and cannot report their problems to others. Further more most of them are warned against spilling family private information to the outside world. Some of them do not know that they are being abused. The community therefore has to take initiative to help them out of domestic abuse (Prevent Child Abuse, par 10). Conclusion Domestic child abuse just like any other problem has its roots, adverse effects and can be solved once and for all. Children are constantly physically, psychologically, sexually abused and neglected by their parents or caretakers all around the world. Many are the root causes of these assorts ranging from frustrations, drug abuse to domestic violence to name but a few. The effects of any kind of domestic child abuse are far reaching; the child is affected emotionally. The future life of a child is destroyed at a very tender age though many people do not know this. There is therefore an urgent call to curb domestic child abuse especially by parents. When children feel secure, special and loved, they can sore to great heights to realize their dreams. Work Cited Carter, Janet. Domestic Violence, Child Abuse, and Youth Violence: Strategies For Prevention and Early Intervention. Family Violence Prevention Fund, 2004. Web. 8 July 2010 mincava. umn. edu/link/documents/fvpf2/fvpf2. shtml. Davis, Richard. Domestic Violence: Intervention, Prevention, Policies, and Solutions. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008 Jones, David. Communicating With Vulnerable Children: A Guide for Practitioners. London: Bell Bain Limited, 2003 Newman, David. Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life. California: Pine Forge Press, 2008 Prevent Child Abuse. Ten Ways Parents Can Help Prevent Child Abuse. Prevent Child Abuse. Web. 9 July 2010 preventchildabuseutah. org/tenwaystopreventchildabuse. html. Saisan Joanna, Smith Melinda Segal Jeanne. Child Abuse and Neglect. HelpGuide. org. nd 2010. Web 8 July 2010 http://helpguide. org/mental/child_abuse_physical_emotional_sexual_neglect. htm. Spears, Linda. Building Bridges between Domestic Violence Organizations and Child Protective Services. National Resource Center on Domestic Violence. Feb. 2000. Web. 8 July 2010 cwla. org/programs/domestic/domesticviolence. pdf Williams, Glen. Domestic Violence Facts. Hope. org. Web. 8 July 2010 way2hope. org/domestic_violence_facts-2. htm. Volpe, Joseph. Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children And Adolescents: An Overview. The American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress. 2006. Web. 8 July 2010 aaets. org/article8. htm.