Gender Equity :: Economics

Gender EquityGender equity is a very important subject matter that teachers mustdeal with in the classroom. As I taught at RAA middle school somedifferences begin to stand disclose between the genders. One thing thatpopped out at me the most was the maturity take of the two. In sayingthat I mean the sexual desires of the students at their age. That isimportant for teachers to see for when we begin to group studentstogether for activity. One instance is that of boxing out inbasketball. The skill calls for the one boxing out to push out withtheir scarcets against the other player. This at the middle school levelis not appropriate for the girls and boys to act in. Theirhormones on the nose a little too much. Another difference I noticed was thedesire of guys to be with guys and girls to be with girls. This hadnothing to do with attraction but dealt with the misunderstanding ofskill level. The men perceive the women to be inferior in sportsskills so in their group they want guys. Th e men seem to rather permitthe least skilled guy over the best skilled girl. I feel they do thisbecause it would be embarrassing for them to be shown up by a girl. Soit is our job, as teachers, to do away with this stereotype, and makeboth genders understand they can benefit skill wise from mix genderactivities. In the simple(a) level the major difference was theage-old argument that girls nasty and guys nasty. The girls definitelydo not want to be paired with guys and vice versa. In basal ithad nothing to do with skill level but everything to do with just thegender. I remember putting a boy with a girl at Buck Lake and it waslike I had made a kid eat peas for the first time. So the differencein elementary and middle school is just the reason why the boys dontwant to be paired with girls. So in noticing that I feel that yes Iwas biased at the elementary level and I figure I did that because Ireally wanted to keep the interest up. I noticed that the one time Ipaired different gen ders the productivity of the boy went down. Iguess that scared me so I shied away from it, but now looking backmaybe I should have paired them up. The students will have to learnone day that the two genders can work together to accomplish a goaland what better time than in elementary.

tristans Tragedy :: essays research papers

"Tristans Tragedy"As told to (authors name) By Tristan"What an unusual Christian name, (authors name) And you say you knowbut two languages? You must jest to render the title of scholar upon yourself.During my training, I have learned seven, all the while being taughthorsemanship and swordsmanship. Alas, all of my accolades serve me not here.True nobility never makes excuses for shortcomings however, in this despair I shadow know no greater loss.After being wounded in battle with the giant Morolt (who was subsequentlyslain by my steel) I journeyed to Ireland in chase of Queen Isolt and hermedicinal power. Disguised as a wandering minstrel, I succeeded in endearingmyself to her court by performing deeds impossible for the average. I alsotaught her daughter, my beautiful Isolt, the art of the lyre. I returned toCornwall, and upon hearing my account of Isolts charm, my king Mark resolved tomake her his own.After convincing her family to allow her to wed the king, we coiff ure back on aship for Cornwall. I remember the night on which we fell in love. Perhaps itwas the wine, or perhaps I was and intoxicated by her. Nonetheless, sheamazingly felt the same drawing to me, and we were unable to contain ouraffections. We continued seeing one another in secret afterwards the wedding afterall, without love her marriage was invalid. After a while, though, ourconniving king took aware of our dealings and banished me to the barren Arundel.It was there I met a cleaning lady of average beauty, but with the only name worthyof my attentions Isolt des Mains-Blancs. (Thats "of the white hands" if yourother language fails you.) I could not betray my love however, so our marriagewas never consummated. Rightly so, because in due time I received a letter frommy true Isolt, giving account of her flight from the king. She pass ameeting with me, saying her ship would bear a white sail. I kept the new Isolton guard for weeks. Finally, I was informed that my Isolt w as descry on a ship,

Prejudice :: essays research papers

PrejudiceByPrejudice pot have been around forever. Prejudice goes on everywhere including here at Box old Middle School. It is sad people cant have mutual respect for each other even though we ar entirely antithetic in our own ways.Prejudice can be caused because of various powers. Religion, ethnic race and social status are examples of causes of impairment. Sometimes prejudice is caused by how we are raised. Many times parents pass on prejudice beliefs to their children. A lot people raised in the southern part of the country are prejudice against blacks. In the early to mid 1960s, prejudice was alive and well in the south. Blacks had their own bathrooms and were forced to ride in the back of city busses. Its saturated to believe that was doing on only 40 years ago. A lot of Middle Eastern countries are very prejudice against women.The Civil War was base on prejudice beliefs. The North wanted to keep slavery and the South wanted to abolish slavery. Many blacks were beat, r aped and killed just because of the color of their skin. Schools in the 1950s were segregated. Some students were forced to ride buses for many miles to prevent whites and blacks from attending the same school. Finally segregation was introduced. It caused a lot of problems, including some riots but eventually people learned to live together and I believe it ended up being a good thing for people and out country.Slavery was halt shortly after the Civil War but it did not stop people from being prejudice. The only way to stop prejudice is to teach all children from a young age to respect all people. Sometimes parents are not the right people to teach their children because they are already set in their ways and will never change. Some people are prejudice because they just dont know how to act any different or maybe they have never been exposed to different cultures or beliefs. Some people just think they are better than somebody else for no reason at all. Our only chance for a succ essful society is to get rid of prejudices. This is much easier said than done. Some religious prejudices have been going on for thousands of years. I dont know if there is any hope for these people. There are some simple things we can do as students and people. It is material simple.

Faust: Book Review :: essays research papers

Faust Book ReviewThis novel written originally by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe andtranslated by Walter Kaufmann. There are 201 pages in this novel.. This keep backis a poem divided into two parts and has many adventures in it. The point ofview is from the writer of the play, 3rd person narration. The theme of thisnovel is Dont incessantly obtain the easy way out of things because in the end youwill pay for them.This novel starts off with Mephisto the Devil asking God to be adapted totempt a scholar named Faust. Mephisto talks with angels and God. Mephisto tellsGod that Faust is loyal to him but will no be for long. Mephisto is going totake Faust from him. Faust is sitting in his fill most of the poem. He looks upinformation to gain more knowledge. When he is looking one day through his studyhe notices a appropriate that he has never seen before. Faust takes it out and examinesit and finds out it is a book of spells, With this spell book he calls onMephisto. Faust finds out that Mephisto never wants to say his name stilldescribe his great power and plans that he can confuse Faust. Mephisto fails thefirst time to get Faust to give in. He comes back the next day and tries againbut doesnt gain his hand in this deed. After Faust calls on Mephisto theymake a deal. Mephisto would serve Faust in this life and when Faust would die hewould come to nut house and help Mephisto in return for giving Faust all this power.Faust agrees and this is the start of the deed. Mephisto would do anything inhis power for Faust. These things that Mephisto did was to try to get LadyGretchen (that Faust liked dearly) to notice him. Mephisto would give Gretchendiamonds and other assortment of jewelry to tempt her. This did not work. Overthe years of Mephisto doing all these deeds for Faust, He gained a lot ofknowledge. Faust started to get real old and very ill. He started to see ghostsand other kinds of unnatural things in front of his eyes that he never sawbefore. Over more time Faust becomes imposture and can no longer do anything. WhenFaust is dying Mephisto gets ready to take him to hell to serve him in eternity.When Faust dies God comes into the picture again. He gets angels to distractMephisto and take Faust into Heaven. God forgives Faust for all he has done.

Good and Evil in The Horses :: Horses

Good and Evil in The Horses The concepts of good and evil resonate throughout the work of the Scottish poet Edwin Muir. In Muirs serious poem The Horses, guilt and innocence, good and evil, are also in the plainest view. But the poem is not sabotaged artistically because of it, as so many such poems are. The Horses is intimately the unexpected return, after an apocalypse, of new horses that restore the long lost archaic companionship with the surviving humans. The narrator condemns the old bad world that wreaked the damage simply a twelvemonth after The seven days war that put the world to sleep, Late in the evening the strange horses came. By then we had do our convenant with silence, But in the first few days it was so still We listened to our breathing and were afraid. On the second day The radios failed we turned the knobs no answer. But on the third day a warship passed us, heading north, Dead bodies piled on the deck. On the sixth day A plane plunged over us into th e sea. thenceforth Nothing. The radios dumb. And still they stand in corners of our kitchens, And stand, perhaps, turned on, in a million rooms, All over the world. But now if they should tell, If on a sudden they should speak again If on the stroke of noon a voice should speak, We would not listen, we would not let it bring That old bad world that swallowed its children quick At one great gulp. We would not have it again . . . Have Armageddon and its aftermath ever been more powerfully, more palpably imagined? And yet, I do not ideate that the poems extraordinary vividness is the greatest strength of The Horses. Its special power is in the way cataclysm evokes Muirs most abiding chemical group the renewal of that long-lost archaic bond between life and the world even in the face of catastrophe (Our life is changed their coming our beginning).

Good and Evil in The Horses :: Horses

Good and Evil in The Horses The concepts of good and evil resonate throughout the work of the Scottish poet Edwin Muir. In Muirs important poem The Horses, guilt and innocence, good and evil, are also in the plainest view. But the poem is not sabotaged artistically because of it, as so some such poems are. The Horses is about the unexpected return, after an apocalypse, of new horses that restore the long lost archaic companionship with the surviving humans. The narrator condemns the old bad gentleman that wreaked the damage Barely a twelvemonth after The seven days war that put the area to sleep, Late in the evening the strange horses came. By then we had made our convenant with silence, But in the first few days it was so still We listened to our breathing and were afraid. On the second day The radios failed we turned the knobs no answer. But on the third day a warship passed us, heading north, Dead bodies piled on the deck. On the sixth day A plane plunged everyplace us into the sea. Thereafter Nothing. The radios dumb. And still they stand in corners of our kitchens, And stand, perhaps, turned on, in a million rooms, All over the world. But now if they should speak, If on a sudden they should speak again If on the stroke of noon a voice should speak, We would not listen, we would not let it bring That old bad world that swallowed its children quick At one great gulp. We would not have it again . . . Have Armageddon and its aftermath ever been more powerfully, more palpably imagined? And yet, I do not think that the poems extraordinary vividness is the greatest strength of The Horses. Its special power is in the way cataclysm evokes Muirs around abiding theme the renewal of that long-lost archaic bond between life and the world even in the face of catastrophe (Our life is changed their coming our runner).

Economics and Global Business Applications Essay

Elasticity of make is a measure of responsiveness to a worth change of a good or service. When solicit is elastic, the component of a terms change of a product will result in a monstrousr luck of quantity demanded (McConnell, p 77). It basically manner reducing the price of a good service will result in a greater quantity demanded and an augment in receipts for the seller. When demand is inelastic, a change in price will result in a reduction of quantity demanded, which will then lead to a taxation reducing (McConnell, p 77). To demonstrate elastic and inelastic demand results,Company A sells 100 pens at $1.00 a piece each day, making their revenue $100.00. Company A then decides to sell their pens at $.50, which results in a total of 250 pens being sold. The total revenue from the price drop is $125, resulting in an surplus $25.00 therefore the demand in this scenario is elastic. If selling the pens at the reductiond price of $.50 would result in more pens being sold, but less total revenue, the demand is give tongue to to inelastic. According to McConnell, when demand in unit elastic, the percentage change in price and the resulting percentage changes in demand are the same. The change in price will not increase or decrease revenue.Cross price elasticity measures the response of demand to a change in price of another substitute or complimentary good (McConnell, p. 87). Substitute goods are goods that can be purchased in place of another good. Examples of substitute goods are soda ash (buying Coke vs. Pepsi), computers, and potato chips. A positive cross elasticity of demand means the increase of price in one good, for example Coca-Cola, will increase the demand of a substitute good, for example Pepsi.As the price for Coke increases, consumers are more likely to purchase Pepsi at a lower price, thereby increasing its demand. Complementary goods are items that are typically purchased in conjunction within one another. Examples are ringed binders and notebook paper, pencils and erasers, and potato chips and dip. A shun cross elasticity of demand in complementary goods means that the increase in price of one good, an example being potato chips, will decrease the demand for the complementary product that goes with it, the dip.Income elasticity measures the responsiveness of consumers to changes in their incomes (McConnell, p 88). crave for normal goods tends to increase as consumers incomes increase and conversely, demand for inferior goods tends to decrease as consumers income increases.Demand is elastic where there is a large availability of substitutes. The reason for this as the price of a good increases, if there is a large amount of substitutes for this particular good, the consumer will choose the substitute. As discussed earlier, soda is an excellent example of this elasticity. Airline tags are another example. As one airline raises its be of a ticket or to even pay for a bag to be checked, a consumer will more li kely choose a cheaper ticket or an airline that doesnt charge for baggage over the original. If there is no (or a very limited) amount of substitutes for a good, elasticity is said to be negative. A price change in medication will not likely change the behavior of a consumer relative to demand since there isnt a substitute to taking the medication. Household utilities are another example of a limited amount of substitutes.In discussing the proportion if ones income attached to a good concept, the plate budget comes into play. In a given month, places pay for many different good and services. A change in price may or may not affect the households demand for those goods and services. Often, it is dependant on how much of the household budget is devoted to that good or service. erratic phone service is an excellent example of a service that will most likely have a large amount of a household budget dedicated to it. A change in price in the cell phone service will most likely result in that family making a decision to change to a cheaper service, since that will have a large impact on their budget. On the other hand, that same household may purchase light bulbs each month. The amount of money dedicated to the purchase of light bulbs is so small, that a price increase will not likely affect the budget, therefore the family will not likely make a decision to change to a cheaper bulb.The concept of period when discussing demand is important. When a consumer has a large amount of time to decide on the purchase of a good or service, the elasticity is positive. Conversely, if there is little time, the elasticity is said to be negative. According to McConnell, and excellent example of this is gasoline for automobiles. Gasoline prices change daily and more often than not, prices rise. A family, who owns a car and is dependent on that car for work, etc, will not likely stop buying gas in the sort-term, because it is crucial to their everyday living. However, that fami ly over a long period of time may decide to find alternate means of travel, decreasing their demand for gas.Using the graphs for elasticity of demand and total revenue, areas of elasticity, inelasticity and unit elasticity have been identified. Demand is elastic between the prices of $80.00 and $50.00, kernel the demand increases as the price decreases, resulting in an increase of total revenue. Between the prices of $50.00 and $40.00, the demand in unit elastic, meaning the percentage of drop in price resulted in the same percentage of increase in demand. Revenue remained unchanged in this price range. Between the prices of $40.00 and $0, the demand is inelastic, meaning the price drop has resulted in an increase in demand, but not enough to over come the decrease. Total revenue has been negatively impacted.

Managing Food Allergies and Intolerances in the Hospitality Sector Essay

A forage allergic reaction is the response of the body to a food or protein the body perceives as injurious and in that locationfore produces antibodies (Eigenmann, 2009). Highly popular atomic number 18 allergies towards nuts, eggs or seafood. The symptoms can vary from swelling of the throat or mouth, clamber reactions, noxious feeling, breathing difficulties or even collapse (Busky, 2012). Intolerance on the other hand is the reaction when the body is non able to deal or digest a kind of food because the body misses or can non produce certain enzymes.Most parkly known are lactose and gluten intolerances which are celiac disorders. Triggering a malabsorption of several(prenominal) nutritional ingredients the martyr has to deal with indigestion, mild abdominal (stomach) pain, bloating, occasional changes in bowel habit, such as episodes of mild diarrhoea or constipation, loss of appetite, weight loss or even vomiting (National Health Services). All these symptoms give high re strictions during daily life and require careful attention. make headway the term of anaphylaxis appears quite often in the context of food allergic reaction.Anaphylaxis describes an extreme form of imunsystem reaction to a chemical contact with of a substance of the sufferer within the environment. It impinges on the whole body and can in worst cases lead to an anaphylactic shock which often causes death (National Health Services). The British allergic reaction Foundation stated that in 2012 up to 21 jillion people in the UK are affected by food allergies and that almost 10 million of them are suffering from more than ace allergy. They further estimated that by the year 2015 almost 50 per cent of the Europeans will suffer from an allergy.These features are already allowing an incursion into the importance of the topic in the hospitality industry and its uprising as a contemporary issue of increasing significance. In the following section just about general education and rese arch and three food allergy organizations will be presented more in detail. The topic will be presented with a elaborate view on the approach in eating houses. The key findings will be evaluated and summarized in the conclusion. Discussion General Information Allergens in food are not always labelled and indicated on product or card items.Further as per the findings of Pratten and Towers (2003) there is high education and training for hospitality workers in hurt of food hygiene and preparation but with no deeper focus on handling food allergies. Eating out therefore becomes a difficult scrap especially for families. Especially, after reviewing a study of Cathy A. Enz on behalf of the Cornell Hospitality Quarterly in 2004. Her findings show that for restaurant managers and owners the level of concerns regarding food allergies lays only with 3,3 % (out of 100%) and is bedded on the sixed position out of eight criteria (see appendix, exhibit 1).As per allergykids. com four in ten UK school children have an allergic condition. Hence the parents have to control condition and watch after their children much more to ensure their well-being. The founder and CEO of Allergyeats. com, Paul Antico states First and foremost, Im a dad of kids who have food allergies. I understand the concerns of parents and know what its like to be constantly on guard. Adding to this statement, seven out of ten sufferers say their allergy has an adverse yield on their lives (Allergykids. com, 2012). This is clearly wake the impact on the hospitality and the need for adaption in the service offer.Within the issue of nutrition Allergies there have been several approaches to ease and make the topic more valid and accessible on the consumer as well as on the service tinrs point of view. The Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer aegis Act star touchstone was the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of the second of August of 2004 which came into effect on the first of August 2006. It obliges manufacturers to label and indicate common allergens like nuts or milk on their product on a clear and comprehensible way (Food and Drug Administration, 2004).Whereas it is questionable if the consumer can be assured by this with correct labeling. The Food and Drug Administration is randomly inspecting different food packaging for the allergen label but it is shady if around products magnate just slip through and give wrong indications for the consumer. Nevertheless nowadays there is a wide range of products (for sample in a supermarket with an norm of 50,000 products (Google Answeres)) and most of them are food items. Therefore the control of all packaging becomes a good challenge.However the first step is the mplementation of such a law. Regarding the fact that the Act is in effect since 2006 it can be estimated that products have been relabeled over the years and especially new products introduced the allergen label by entering the market. The Gluten Free and Allergy Free Passport The Gluten Free and Allergy Free Passport organization are Educating the World about Food & Travel since 2005 (GFPassport, 2012). The below graph is showing their approach to necessary communication between restaurant and allergy sufferer Fig. 1 Gluten & Allergy Free Passport, 2012On both sides, on the guest location and the restaurant panorama there should be previous education. The Guest, in this case the allergy sufferer needs to assess his comfort level by for example talking to the keep cater. After identifying the eating options the guest conducts the pre planning and starts the interaction with the restaurant. Communication the guest? s needs and specifications are crucial and the first step in the interaction. Ordering the meal and receiving it, the guest should provide feedback about his experience.At the same time not only the guest has to be cautious, the wait staff and the cooks have to understand the guest needs and facilitate the spec ification ordered by fully ensuring safety for the guest. After the meal is delivered the staff should follow-up not only for the well-being of the guest but also to apply critical feedback. The Chef? s Card To ease this communication between the customer and the restaurant some organisation like the Allergy Free Table LLC company introduced a useful overlyl. The company is trying to educate and provide information in that area. s affect not only the provision of important information about allergies and intolerances, facts and figures, problems and risks is their aim but they also giving solutions to make daily life for allergy sufferers easier. One of their approaches is the Chef? s card. It is similar to a business card indicating the allergy of the consumer, the degree of the allergy and the actions to be taken in case of an allergic reaction. Example of Layout of Chef? s Card Fig. 2 Allergy Chef? s Card (Allergy Free Table, LLC, 2012) The Allergy Free Table LLC.Co provides sam ple cards and individual adjusted templates which are provided for renounce download and print out on their website.This approach is widely spread and having a look through the World Wide Web a plug of positive comments regarding this idea can be found. On the forum for Food Allergy Support, members are commenting We go out eat a lot and we use the Chef? s Card , the cards are useful or Im all for chef cards . Further there can be services found other online services as SelectWisely. com which is providing Chef? Card with the focus on people travelling and therefore translating them in the respective language. From the customer and the restaurants perspective the Chef? s Card is an effective approach to this serious issue.The customer chances the feeling to be taken more serious with the special demand. Further for example the wait staff have something to hold in the hands, which can be handed over to the kitchen staff and results in more security as the level of miscommunicat ions is narrowed. oddly while travelling the Chef? Card is relieving the customer from feeling stressed eating out as well the restaurant obtains a clear guideline to delay the guest conveniently and most important safely. To sum up the approach of the Chef? s Card is an innovative approach which eases the concern of food allergy issues in restaurant for both officeies. The Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network Despite many online communities (e. g. the Allergy Free Table LLC. Co) are providing information the most popular one might be the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network.The Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network (FAAN) are calling themselves the most trusted source of information and can get in over 22,000 memberships in the year 2012 (FAAN, 2012). The mesh is funded by the annual membership fees, donations and charity events like the yearly FAAN Walk for Food Allergy. They are committed to make up the awareness of the impact and implications of Food Allergies, the provisio n of education for young and old, advocate further research into the topic.The FAAN offers programs like the SafeSchool program which is a parcel of land including nformation material as well as implementation and management strategies for schools (FAAN, 2012). Moreover they understood that Eating away from home can pose a substantial risk to people affected by food allergy. Research suggests that close to half of fatal food allergy reactions are triggered by food served by a restaurant or other food service establishment (FAAN, 2012). So they are approaching restaurateurs directly and are calling up on more training for hospitality staff Education, cooperation, and teamwork are the keys to safely serving a guest who has food allergies.All food service staff including restaurant managers, servers, and kitchen staff must(prenominal) become familiar with the issues surrounding food allergies and the proper way to answer guests questions. Further, they must know what to do if an a llergic reaction occurs. The network emphasises on cooperation between the restaurants and customers to ease the barriers and to diminish the risks for allergy sufferers while eating out. The handbook for training of hospitality staff is only one of the collections of information which is provided for free on the FAAN? s homepage.Reviewing the amount of information which is available especially online restaurateurs should no longer hesitate to implement the handling of food allergies as an inherent part of their standards and policies. Much information is available for free and some managerial strategies and ,of course training sessions, will cost some money. Nevertheless this undertaking is not too difficult as food safety and hygiene procedures are already applied in gastronomic enterprises. As shown above the need for an extension to allergy concerns from the customers? side is omnipresent.Although that the adaption of this issue will cost time and money in return target markets and customer acquisition will be promoted. The Trend of Labelling circuit card Items Food labelling is only mandatory for products coming from the manufacturer, so those which are e. g. bought in supermarkets and grocery shops. This labelling format has been improved by the Codex Alimentarius by the Commission of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization in 2003 also adapted by the European Parliament and one year subsequent in the USA. It regulated that foods triggering ensitive reactions have to be labelled.Current discussions about having restaurants to label their menu items are on-going but the restaurant industry argued that mandatory labeling would be a significant burden on most restaurants, the majority of which are small businesses that do not have the technical ability and/or knowledge to provide and publish such data (Pizam, 2011). Restaurants mostly object menu labeling. Small businesses only produce in small amoun ts and menu items change frequently which would imply additional financial expenditures on the menu design.Further restaurants are arguing that the demand for labeled menus is not high enough. Attempts with calorie and fat indications mostly failed in past years. The demand for low calorie and low fat items in comparison to the conventional products was not high enough (Din, Zahari, Otham, Abas, 2012). It is questionable if this failure of menu indications is significant in the debate about labeling menus for allergy sufferers (Pizam, 2011). The quoted arguments are comprehensible but the extreme defensive attitude should be dropped.The request for menu labeling must not be a generalized demand but a compromise could be formed. Restaurants could have some additional menus indicating a detailed exposition of the menu ingredients. Other than that the restaurant might be able to guarantee that the cook on shift knows all its products and ingredients. This could be done by confining t he amount of suppliers, brands and by maintaining the supplier for basic products. Maintaining loyal to a supplier as a plus would reduce purchase costs as restaurants receive better prices with long-term contracts.Conclusion Concluding from the findings the issue of food allergies in restaurants will be of increasing concern in the following years. Therefore there is e genuinely indication to find common approaches and standards to build up a convenient interrelation between customers and restaurants. The customer, most of all, needs to develop the trust to the restaurateur of being served in a serious and safe manner. The presented concept of the Chef? s Card is a recommendable and effective way to ease the communication for the special requirements of an allergy sufferer.Further the restaurant can handle the conveyed responsibility with more secureness and assurance. As the research has shown labelling the menu to needs of allergy sufferers is still in heavy discussion. Neverthel ess a common standard should be introduced in order for the restaurant to clearly follow any special requests. To conclude in the hereafter an overall standard is required in restaurants. Procedures should be extended and the implementation of allergy handling should be a standard for all gastronomy venues.The load of information is immense and the accessibility is there. Hence restaurants have little excuse too not implement some new strategies in their procedures. Although staff turnover is very high in the hospitality sector which is complicating the demand for additional training, hygiene and food safety instructions are mandatory for all hospitality staff. So why not extend and cover the issue of food allergies at the same time. Consequently restaurants could be labelled as being trained in allergy concerns and customers can easily choose to eat out.

International Humanitarian Law

INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW and THE IRAQ CRISIS SUSAN SOUX April 2003 International Humanitarian Law ? the RULES which seek, for humanitarian reasons, to limit the effects of armed conflict, protect masses who ar not, or argon no longer taking agency in the hostilities, and to restrict the methods and means of warfare employed IHL the law of armed conflicts or or law of war Geneva Hague Geneva the law of Geneva is designed to safeguard military machine personnel who are no longer taking part in the fighting and people not actively involved in hostilities Hors de combat Civilians Medical/religious personnel The Hague the law of The Hague establishes the rights and obligations of belligerents in the conduct of military operations, and limits the means of harming the enemy International humanitarian law prohibits all means and methods of warfare which fail to discriminate cause superfluous injury or unessential suffering cause severe or long-term damage to the environment . Other agreements prohibit the use of certain weapons and military tactics and protect certain categories of people and goods. ? he 1954 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, plus its two protocols ? ? ? the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention the 1980 Conventional Weapons Convention and its quartette protocols the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention ? the 1997 Ottawa Convention on anti-personnel mines ? the 2000 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. galore(postnominal) provisions of international humanitarian law are now accepted as customary law that is, as general rules by which all States are bound.HENRI DUNANT BATTLE OF SOLFERINO History 1859 Battle of Solferino 1863 ICRC Geneva Conventions 1864 Hague laws 1899/1907 1949 Geneva conventions 1977 Additional Protocols Geneva Conventions 1949 Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wo unded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, 12 marvelous 1949. Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea.Geneva, 12 August 1949. Convention (III) relative to the interference of Prisoners of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949. Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949. Iraq ratified Geneva Conventions 1956 US ratified in 1955 Additional Protocols 1977 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 8 June 1977. Neither Iraq nor the US put on ratified the Protocols International Human Rights Law Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 International plight on Social, Economic and cultural Right International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights other conventions/covenants Convention on the Status of Refugees 1951 Guiding Principles on midland Displacement 1998 International Tribunals Nuremburg ICTY Hague ICTR Rwanda Sierra Leone International Criminal Court (Rome 1998/2002) Universal Jurisdiction Genocide War Crimes Crimes Against Humanity Current Issues Allegations of indiscriminate bombing Targeting chthonic IHL Ensuring Humanitarian Access Status of Combatants, Civilians and Civilians Taking Up Arms Suicide Attacks Perfidy Occupying Forces International Red Cross Protectors of the Geneva Conventions impartial, neutral and independent from whatever political objective Right to be present when conflict breaks out Protect the lives and dignity of victims of war Monitors compliance with Geneva Conventions Visits POWs Provides health check/humanitarian helper IRAQ ICRC in battle areas Hospitals Water Pows Trac ing IFRC and Red Crescent Societies outside the battle Refugee camps Tracing Humanitarian assistance International Delegates Water Systems Medical Assistance Family TracingRefugee Camps Orthopaedic Centres Orthopaedic Centres Resources www. icrc. org www. ifrc. org www. redcross. ca http//www. ihlresearch. org/iraq/ http//www. reliefweb. int/ocha_ol/civilians/ www. unhcr. ch As human beings, we cannot be neutral, or at least have no right to be, when other human beings are suffering. Each of us must do what he or she can to help those in need, yet though it would be much safer and more comfortable to do nothing. Kofi Annan UN Secretary-General

Adam Smith`s American Dream: Of desire and debt by Peter C. Whybrow

The Ameri seat dream is a complex notion that embodies traditions, social and personal values of people. This concept is closely connected with diachronic and economic development of America, its liberation movement and economic changes. Explaining the American dream it is possible to single out social, personal and economic dimensions that determine this concept. In the disk American Mania When more Is Not Enough, P. C. Whybrow tries to explain outcomes and consequences of the American dream for the entire population and a burden of debt faced by some Americans.Taking into account economic perspectives, American dream means opportunities for everyone to become rich and prosperous in spite of his background and origin. From the very beginning of American settlement period people see the continent as a special place where there is plenty of opportunity for someone to become wealthy. To daytime, it is possible to dress the American dream from different perspectives, but in gener al the American dream is the idea that through persistence, hard work and self-determination people can reach out prosperity and risque social status.This notion has created workaholic cults based on principles of the American dream. Following Whybrow (2005) A polyglot nation of prodigious energy, we be held unitedly by dreams of material progress (p. 22). Consumerism has a bulky impact on the notion the American Dream. After the period of the Depression the reforms in the marketplace not only produced double-digit growth but also enabled ordinary citizens to nurture dreams and social networks that challenged official discourse and conventions through millions of daily commercial transactions.People received a notice to earn more(prenominal) and buy expensive goods. Their buy habits were change and became necessities. The workaholic cult makes the realization of American Dream simpler because bare-assed consumers created great demand for goods. A parvenu version of capita lism began evolving in which creativity was not just perennial but constant, in which rapid-fire innovation and continuous improvement were the norm. Cultural changes had a great impact on the workaholic cult and customer wants.This process which took place in 1960s resulted in the development of the creative sector as an integral depart of the American dream. Educational establishments were places where human creativity was cultivated and could flourish. Millions of Americans rather quickly acquired a steady job, a car, and a big theater, and debts. Most of them had tried to achieve social mobility but failed limited by gender and racial prejudices, lack of education and financial support. Free-market capitalism supported (supports) a financial burden of seek propositions.On the one hand, economic development led to increased possibilities of education and the opening up of a greater variety of life chances, but these chances were minor in contrast to high crystalize opportunit ies. Also, rapid population growth of poor classes increased burden on the financial resources and social provisions reducing buying potential of a particular individual from poor regions. The ideas of prosperity enslaved many Americans who tried to test the American dream and achieve higher social status. Also, these ideas are heated by inequalities between the rich minority and the poor majority.Stressing the need to meet underlying needs as the primary driving force towards development, sometimes imaginatively termed the basic needs approach, emphasizes that health and education are motors for productivity and that the basic needs of all sectors must be met. Today, the differences between middle class families and poor are inevitable supported by social and economic constraints and self consciousness of people. Following Whybrow The scramble for the dream demands a lengthened workday, little sleep, continuous learning, unusual energy, and a high tolerance for financial insecuri ty.To be successful is to be a multi-tasking dynamo (Whybrow, 2005 p. 23). An American without a car and big house is an outsider, who is unable to settle his life. For this reason, millions of Americans take loans in order to meet the established criteria of prosperity. The main problem of Americans is that they spend more than they earn. This problem leads to large debts and psychological problems caused by hard running(a) and financial pressure. The author explains that the debts and financial burden is a direct result of heavy advertising and fashion popularizing luxurious life sort and prosperity.The author gives the following example of modern advertisements t he photographs highlight the vehicles interior, a rich brown leather interior. Think of it as chocolate, as another sweet spot in your life, is the drift of the spin-doctors advice (Whybrow, 2005 p. 21). There is a false need fabricated by media and advertisers popularizing luxurious life sort and fashion. Most people become enslaved to the workplace prisoners, because they have to meet the highest possible standards established by media and society.The other problem is that peoples occupations or market positions have absolutely no bearing on their self-understanding or interpretation of their social world and neither has any relation to their individual or collective actions, which are quite unforeseeable on the basis of either. Social pressure is the main cause of financial debts and free-will slavery. Many Fortune 500 companies, once considered havens of lifetime employment, have transformed themselves into profit-driven workaholic cults(Whybrow, 2005 p. 22).If anything explains the goals people pursue it is the social conditioning they receive, high social classes are proud and seek power, the ordinary man is timid and seeks security. Most people do not understand that upward mobility is practically impossible for working class children and immigrants, because they cannot enter Universitie s and pay for their education. Also, manic is caused by racism and feminism organized via institutional frameworks especially within the state as part of the disciplinary power of state agencies like the police, but which is subject to ongoing contestations.Whybrow cites the example of a working mother who is enslaved and has no time for her daughter and family. The author comments that It is the promise of special gifts and a magical holiday that finally proves convincing and, finishing the call, the mother sighs to herself and turns to breeding (Whybrow, 2005 p. 21). Most female employees are viewed as mothers and wives which create a glass ceiling for most of them, and force them to work hard for years to prove their professionalism and high level of responsibility.Also, the author underlines the role of technology and innovations in life of Americans and their dreams. The great layer of information and varieties of technology become available now, but the present day situation is marked by such phenomenon as technology stress, which means that all technological advantages society is craving for are nothing more than ephemerally. In sum, the American dream and false social values resulted in the workaholic cult and financial burden for many Americans. Social and economic uncertainty creates new tensions while reinforcing existing ones.The basic principle of this process is that in social process systems, prosperity are interrelated with the human or social aspects. The basic social and economic processes such as competition, conflict, accommodation and assimilation lead to debts and financial pressure. However a consistent pattern is the great gulf that separates the rich from the poor, and the central role of the state in articulating the relationship between them. References 1. Whybrow, P. C. (2005). Adam Smiths American Dream Of Desire and Debt American Mania When More Is Not Enough. W. Norton & Company. pp. 21-48.

History and Its Influence on British 17th Century

2. Introduction History and Its Influence on British 17th century literature By regarding British literary works up to the 17th century, integrity savet recognize many parallels to the history and culture of that time. In my following term paper I am though going to Investigate where the parallels amid history, culture and literature are. I will do so by using chosen passages from British literary textual matters from the spiritual rebirth and replication Literature. Therefore I will first define the characteristics of both dates.Secondly I will compare the plots of the chosen assuages to the historical and cultural context and accentuate the similarities. As I believe, these similarities amongst literatures, cultural and historical context can be found in any literary work. 3. Renaissance Literature The term Renaissance as an epoch describes the translation from medieval times to the modern ages which took place between 1485 and 1603 In England. It meaner the rebirth of an cient values and exalteds in painting, architecture, science, philosophy and literature.Due to the invention of the printing promote by Gutenberg, which was established in England by the help of William Cotton in 1474, authors got the chance o write in vernacular language. Since there were from then on more people who could read and understand the texts, Renaissance knowledge was accessible for the folks (CB. League) The early Renaissance in England has strongly been influenced from Italy where it begun about 200 geezerhood earlier and from the medieval idea of courtly love.Courtly love meant the poetry by errant knights, often a kings third son who traveled around the countryside to look at a place to work. The only chance for those errant knights to gain their social status back was to get a rich lords daughter, so any minnesinger poems were scripted by them. The major contents of those poems were the beauty and elusiveness of the lady. The knights had to sublimate their ver sed desires and show real love to succeed and climb the gradation amoral, the love-ladder from Eros, sex to gaping, the pure love without taking physical Interaction.During the Elizabethan Age, from 1558 until 1603, the ideal of a woman sight was formed and every woman who was described In a poem was described with the terms of that ideal sight in comparison with nature. Bartholomew Griffins Fiddles for example contents all the characteristics of Renaissance poetry as one can see In the following excerpt (Sonnet 39) My Ladys hair is threads of beaten gold Her front the purest crystal eye hath seen Her eyes the brightest stars the heavens hold Her cheeks, departure roses, such as sell have been.Her pretty lips, of red vermilion dye Her hand of ivory, the purest white Her breast displays two silver fountains bright. The spheres, her voice her grace, the Graces ternary Her body is the saint that I adore Her smiles and favors sweet as honey be. But ah, the worst and last is yet behin d For of a griffin she doth confine the mind In this poem, the Blazon, the description of the Lady beauty from head to toe is accentuated. In this poem one can also recognize the concept of kilowatts, which meaner that an outer beauty meaner a good soul, while an ugly appearance is accompanied to a bad soul.That concept is another typical characteristic for the side of meat renaissance literature and one can find it in this poem since there is no description of the lady behavior but her outer appearance. 4. Restoration Literature The literary epoch of the Restoration lasted from 1660 until 1688/89. The most common forms of Restoration literature were satires to criticism the frightful and religious texts in prose or verse. It triggered the official snap in literary culture caused by censorship and radically moralist standards under Cromwell Puritan regime (CB. English literature). One example for a religious text is Paradise lost, by John Milton. Paradise lost is an heroical p oem often books, written in blank verse from 1640 until 1642. Milton transfers Greek epic to a biblical context, though Paradise Lost have a bun in the ovens the plot of the first pages of Genesis, how Adam and Eve were created ND how they lost Paradise, expanded into a very long, detailed, recital poem. (New Arts Library). Paradise lost can be interpreted in two possible ways but not both at the alike(p) time.The first possibility is to interpret it as a rewrite of the Bible as it might have been written with the benefit of a humanist English education (Alexander 148). The other possibility is to interpret it in political context as a critique on the upcoming civil war and The football team Years Tyranny by Charles I who reigned without parliament for eleven years after his father, James I died in 625. One Example of a satire is A Satyr on Charles II, by John Willow, Earl of Rochester, which was delivered to the King by accident instead of one the King had actually ordered. CB. Lynch) The Satyr is written in verse and consists of three stanzas. In the first stanza, Charles II is described as a King who lacks ambition Him no ambition moves to get renown but still reigns better than Louis XIV Like the French fool that wanders up and down starving his people and that he is good for England. The second stanza describes Charles Siss genitals His brink and his prick re of a length and that he lets his penis reign thy prick will govern thee, which meaner that he takes his mistresses as political consultants.The last stanza says that if Charles Siss sexual power would decline, his political power would decline as well, because of the political power of his mistresses and in the last two lines Rochester says that he hates all monarchs All monarchs I hate, and the thrones they get on. 5. Conclusion By regarding any literary text from epochs up to the 17th century, one can always find parallels to cultural or historical terms. This is obvious since the authors wou ld not often more than one possibility to interpret literary works and sometimes it is also difficult to understand how the epochs literary features developed.Considering Renaissance literature, it is not easy to say today, why the womans role in those times was that high. It is obvious, that poets tried to improve their social status by winning a noble mans daughter by writing blazon poems about her. Another reason for the womens high position could still be worship of the Virgin Mary or Queen Elizabeth in those times. By regarding the Blazon, one also has the question of the chicken and the egg, since we only know that Queen Elizabeth was always described and mixed in the ideal of beauty in the early Renaissance England.What we do not know is whether that ideal of beauty was formed because of her sight or whether she was only described and painted in a way to fulfill the ideal. In reflection on paradise lost, one either has the opportunity to interpret it on historical drive or on humanist religious base. Both ways are connected to history or culture, so that in paradise lost, one in spades has literature which leads to one of the two contexts. The satires of Restoration literature are almost all critiques on those times politics, so that the connection to history is obvious.All three examples for literary epochs that I have chosen have a relative to history or culture, but since we do not always know the development of culture or literary features, we cannot know how it is actually related. There also is the fact, that these are only three examples of thousands of literary works, though it is far too less to prove a general tendency. As a conclusion I can so only make out that every literary work must contain at least some cultural features, since every human being and so very author is influenced by it. 6. Works cited Alexander, Michael.

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Alexander Pope wrote a long poem which he called Dunciad. He had no patience with the half learned and the ill-learned. He branded them all dunces and poetasters and made them the theme of his Dunciad. Like Iliad, it was not an epic but a satire wherein he said A little learning is a dangerous thing Drink deep or taste not the Pierian Spring. The trouble with such people, said Pope, was not that they did not know much but that they thought they knew everything. Therefore he advised them to master their subjects thoroughly or quit them at one time for all.To think that one knows everything is like living in a fools paradise. It is a comforting thought as far as it goes, if one apprise stop with it. But curiously enough one thought leads to another and that sets things moving. Satisfaction leads to arrogance and that opens the Pandoras Box. Arrogance knows no fear, no second thoughts. Discrimination vanishes and with a foolish sense of confidence the arrogant leave alone venture t o do anything. Surely, fools tread where angels fear. We know mankind falls by pride and therefore the aftermath he becomes swollen headed, his fall begins.But he will not fall alone. He will cause a disaster and many an innocent man will go down with him. Like a drowning man he drags with him anyone he can lay hands upon. When you think that you are Mr. Know all, you will probably begin to act like a No all. Many an innocent man will call up what you say. If they simply wonder like the rustics who stared at the village pedagogue and wondered how a small head could carry so much, no mischief is done. But if they also believe what you say, they are at once on the wrong side of the fence.Some of the religious fanatics are guilty of such a sin. They do not know what actually a righteousness is for. They cannot get word that it is for mans good to bring comfort in moments of sorrow and distress, to guide him in times of illusion and indecision and to lead him out from darkness a nd ignorance. They harangue well-nigh the superiority of their god, decry the people of other faiths call them infidels and declare holy wars in the name of God and religion. The ignorant masses who believe them take to mail and cut the throats of innocent people. eligion which is expected to bring comfort and sunshine in the lives of people will spread distress and darkness. People who cannot understand that the essence of religion is understanding, tolerance, compassion and service will think that they are pundits and prophets. Pope rightly advises such false prophets to drink deep or else taste not the Pierian Spring. People who believe in racial superiority are no better. They talk of blue blood, azure eyes, blonde hair and fair skin and look down upon others.They similarly suffer from the limitations of little knowledge. They do not realize that we all belong to one race the race of man, whether the colour of the skin is white or yellow, brownish or black and that these var iations are the ways of nature to add beauty and variety to its creation. Every artist knows that he needs to vary his colours, combine and recombine them, to produce the needed effect and make his creations look more and more beautiful. But these half learned people who do not know this much, make out racial discrimination and spell disaster.

Poker Flat Essay

Do you think nation can control how or if the die even if inevitable? This unique story by Francis Bret Harte The castaway of Poker Flat, has a grey western setting. Harte explores the mind of a gambler who is exiled from a misrepresent town. Two literary devices regionalism and naturalism content is evident throughout, giving the story a feeling of discouragement of survival.The regionalism in The Outcast of Poker Flat separates the characters from the town in such a way that is teetotal. I reckon they are after somebody is said by the main character in the offset of the story showing strong dialect on how the speech is in the town. The dialect is a western slang with an unintelligent tone to the towns people. The quote also shows the tense situation in that town specifically everyone is on edge whispering among each other as the main character walks into a bar. They raillery between the towns people and the so called criminal pariah was shown strongly in the leader of the t own cleanup crew the leader spoke briefly and to the point. The exiles were forbidden to return at the peril of their lives. What is so ironic about this is the role reversal. Who are the criminals, what group is doing the most wrong in this situation? The pessimism and dismay for the outcast soon after had clear naturalism.The outcast were exiled from the town of Poker Flat. It was distant a days severe travel. In that advanced season, the party soon passed out of the moist, temperate regions of the foot-hills into the dry, cold, bracing air of the Sierras. The uncivilized environment would test the outcasts ability to survive. Since the group was not prepared for the cold temperatures or the dangerous Sierras survival seemed futile. The outcast start to give up Toward morning they found themselves unable to feed the fire, which gradually died away. As the embers slowly blackened, the Duchess crept closer to Piney, and broke the silence of many hours Piney, can you pray? No, dear , said Piney, simply. the environment is dwindle down away at the outcast survival until they parish. The outcast have been victims of naturalism they were not prepared for the heavy(p) unforgiving Sierra mountains.Two literary devices regionalism and naturalism content is evident throughout, giving the story a feeling of hopelessness of survival. Thesedevices create and understanding of the story. They help separate two similar but variant concepts.

Gender Communication Differences in Traditional Marriage

A sexual urge image of ones self is first presented to a child by his/her p bents. It is through and through the behaviors learned, the characteristics that are reinforced and the inappropriate gender traits that are punished that we, as humans, are able to stab our larger role in society. These early concepts of gender identity, behavior and roles also influence how we transport interpersonally. dickens people of oppo state of affairs gender joined in conjugation have two very antithetical styles of communion to the extent that this problem is sometimes insurmountable. Lack of clear communication mingled with partners in a traditional marriage is often cited as the cause for divorce.Not so long ago, traditional gender roles, combined with an aversion for the stigma of divorce, were a huge factor in the length of a partner offs birth. Men and women stuck it out for the long run, even when experiencing problems, and a breakdown in communication. Long before technology took over society and created more(prenominal) avenues for communicating with each, men were used to wake support by doing things for the family and women showed their fallion through talking (Torrpa, 2002).Women expect their marital relationship to be based on correlative dependence and cooperation while men expect it to be based on independence and competition (Torppa, 2002). Clearly, these two different sets of expectations will have an effect on how the two partners communicate and ultimately, on the strength of the union.The genuine generation of young adults is waiting longer their parents to consider an acceptable marriage match as remote to the trend of earlier years when marriage the year after high school was expected. The tradition of marriage is still intact, but the demographics are changing. The fact that couples are waiting to tie the k non should also affect their faculty to communicate with each other about important issues due to older partners presumably having a better idea of what they want in life and a better grasp on how to communicate it.According to Ohashi (1993) marriage is a system established on the assumption of a division of force based on gender-role stereotypes (from Katsurada, Sugihara, 2002). Women traditionally tend to want to make everyone happy while men make decisions based largely on their own personal needs (Torrpa, 2002) one aspect of marriage that is same(predicate) for the most part yet responsible for many breaks in communication between the partners.Differences in emblematic gender roles also affect communication between husband and wife. Typically, women are characterized as being the more talkative of the sexes as well as being comfort providers and more secure in showing their emotions. Women are also better at reading between the lines regarding interpersonal issues (Torrpa, 2002). Men, on the other hand, are known for their distinct lack of communication and inability to provide emotional support. Their ability to read between the lines regarding status is more pronounced than in women.With traditional roles in marriage declining and technology taking over, communication is at once both more effective and less available (Morris, 2001) we have more ship canal of communicating (e.g. text messaging, Email, etc.) but we have less time to do so with multiple careers. some(prenominal) male and female partners tend to see the other as being more controlling of the relationship (Torppa, 2002) and without the ability to communicate effectively, this assumption can be quite damaging to the marriage.This paper will search the varying roles of a man and woman in a traditional marriage relationship, how these roles influence their ability to effectively communicate, and the level of satisfaction each partner feels based on their idea of whether or not they are communicating effectively with each other regarding large issues. According to Torrpa (2002) understanding differences is the key to working(a) them out.ReferencesKatsurada, Emiko & Sugihara, Yoko (September, 2002). Gender-role identity, attitudes toward marriage and gender-segregated school backgrounds. Sex Roles A Journal of Research. Retrieved September 5, 2007, from the Find Articles Web site http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2294/is_2002_Sept/ai_96736800/pg_2. Martinez, J.M., Chandra, A., Abma, J.C., Jones, J. & Mosher, W.D. (2006). Fertility, conception and fatherhood Data on men and women from Cycle 6 (2002) of the National inspect of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved September 5, 2007 from the CDC Web site http//www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_23/sr23_026.pdf Morris, Grantley (2001). Improving communication in Marriage. Retrieved September 5, 2007 from the Web site http//net-burst.net/love/talk.htm. Torppa, C. B. (2002). Gender Issues Communication Differences in Interpersonal Relationships. The Ohio severalize University Extension Program. Retrieved online September 5, 2007 from the OSU Web site http//ohioline.osu.edu/flm02/FS04.html. Van den Troost, Ann (August, 2005). Marriage in Motion. Sociology Today, Volume 10. Leuven University Press.

What are the arguments for and against the state taking on responsibility for social welfare?

The different bloods for and against the secern taking on responsibility for well-disposed offbeat conduct been powerfully put across by stack of debate political persuasions in Britain over the last 60 years. In this essay, therefore, I intend to use Britains eudaemonia state to exemplify arguments for and against the state taking primary responsibility for amicable welfare. The welfare state in Britain was introduced in 1945 by the newly elected Labour government. Although this was the first tot eachy-encompassing attempt at creating a functional welfare state it is important to none that it was not an entirely new policy.In fact, we brush off trace back to 1601 to find an early attempt at implementing a state welfare formulation the Poor Law. The theory behind this legislation was that the slimy were to be categorized into the deserving (the impotent poor) and the undeserving (the persistent idlers). There were many obvious flaws in the methodology and logic in the effectuation of the Poor Law but it must be recognised that this was an early attempt at providing a social welfare placement. This demonstrates that for hundreds of years a case has been made for few measure of state social welfare proviso.It is withal vital not to underestimate the impact the studies carried out(a) by social researchers very much(prenominal) as Rowntree (1901) and Booth (1902) had on the forming and implementation of a social welfare provision in 1945. The Beveridge delineate (1942) pointed to the chaotic and piecemeal introduction of changes into the organization and stated the collect for a new and more comprehensive organisation to be installed. Beveridges report was underpinned by the need to cure the five giants. Beveridge identified these five giants as Idleness, Squalor, Ignorance, Want and Disease.He identified the need for a state commitment to securing full employment to rubbish idleness. He argued everyday lodgment must be gettable for al l citizens to rent. To cure ignorance he suggested the need for a free education organization for anyone up to the age of 15. He suggested the implementation of a topic health military service to help cure disease. Finally, Beveridge argued that National Insurance eudaimonias should be handed out to all in need. The welfare state had to be introduced in a series of acts, notably the National wellness Service Act (1946), the Education Act (1944), the Family Allowance Act (1945).At the time there was much reluctance towards carrying out all of the proposals. The arguments against this degree of state provision stemmed from concerns about cost and the primordial principles of welfare (e. g. how decisions are made and who should be entitled to receive welfare). Because of the reluctance that grew from the fact that these arguments were neer resolved. Beveridges suggestions were never fully implemented but his ideas still clearly formed the inspiration for the future of welfare ref orm. unrivaled of the main criticisms of Beveridges proposals and of the concept of a welfare state is that a offspring of important assumptions have to be made for it to function successfully. For example, within the report, Beveridge makes the assumption that married women would be full time housewives and that for most of their lives women would not be employed. Therefore, married women would only receive benefits through men, thus, creating a culture which encourages womens reliance on men. Because of this feminists have argued that the British welfare state relied on a familial ideology and treated women as secant class citizens.This example of the role of women within the welfare state illustrates the point that any welfare system is not neutral that is based on ideological assumptions. These assumptions will influence the way that different members of the public will respond to state provision of welfare. An opposite example of these ideological assumptions would be the 17t h cytosine belief that only the impotent poor deserve state welfare. The stintings of Britains state welfare system have also come under a lot of criticism. These critics argue there are some fundamental flaws with the economic ideology underpinning the system.Firstly, for the welfare state to operate properly and fairly their must be nearly full employment in the country where it is based as, in theory, this will maximize tax revenue revenue and minimize unemployment benefits. This system worked relatively effectively until the early 1970s. However, due to the relative decline of the UK economy, Britain suffered an economic crisis and unemployment started rising rapidly. Since then mass unemployment has been a serious problem within British troupe. Critics suggest that this is conclusion of how dependent a welfare state is on a prosperous economy.Basically this meant that the welfare state was reliant on capitalism rather than contributing to the undermining or softening of i ts most brutal aspects . The peeled Right have made strong arguments against state welfare provision. The 1979 election brought into power a right government that had a new and radical approach to public expenditure and the welfare state as a whole. Probably the most notable change in policy brought in by the virgin Right was the end of the commitment to full employment that previous governments had encouraged.The New Right believed in a natural level of employment. They felt that this natural level of employment was being undermined by takings being too high due to the actions of trade unions. Therefore, they argued that the market would solve unemployment by creating downward nip on wages. Because of this, the differential between wages and benefits was increased by creating downward pressure on benefit levels and therefore welfare expenditure. However, despite this right wing shift in political thinking, there was no major change in welfare expenditure until the late 1980s.T he year 1988 was an important one in terms of implications for the welfare state as it represented a far more radical covering of New Right thinking towards the welfare state. Firstly, the New Right introduced a shift from the previous system of universal provision towards a system based more upon selective provision. For example, some of the benefits that were previously available to everyone (universal) became only available to some via a means test (selective). This was a big move that tout ensemble contradicted the universal method employed by previous more left wing governments.Another change made by the New Right was the introduction of privatization and marketization. An example of this is the case of the sale of council houses. The public housing stock was privatized and sold off in an attempt to create a market for the council housing which had primarily in Beveridges thinking, been intended for public ownership and private rent. Another major shift made by the conserv ativist government was towards community care. There was a trend for mentally ill, elderly and disabled people to be moved from institutions to care in the community.However, what this basically meant was that rather than institutional care the responsibility was shifted onto the family. It is also very important to note that care in the community was considerably cheaper for the state to maintain than institutional care. The New Right also consciously made an effort to change the publics perception of welfare teddy away from the view that the state is the only provider of welfare. The responsibility of the state was bring down through the rise of private provision and by emphasizing the importance of the charitable and voluntary sector.This is one of the central strands of the argument against state welfare provision. At this juncture it is important to consider the effect privatization has had on society and the welfare state. Since the New Right introduced new policy pertaini ng to welfare in 1979 there have been a number of examples of the UK government seeking to encourage private provision of welfare. People have been encouraged to take out private insurance plans for their welfare needs and the number of people covered by private health insurance rose from 2. million to 5. 2 million between 1976 and 1986 (Julian Le Grand, 1990).In the mid 1980s the Conservative government tried to shift sickness insurance and pension insurance into the private sector also. These plans, however, never came to fruition owing to major criticism and insurance companies expressing a reluctance to take up policies for all employees Hutton (1996) strongly criticizes the New Rights welfare expenditure policy. He argues against the belief that public expenditure should be reduced during troubled times for the economy.Hutton believes that the cuts are spurred by political ideology rather then by economic need. In Huttons words apart from Iceland, Britain runs the meanest, tigh test, lowest-cost social auspices system in the world. Hutton alleges that the twenty-first snow will see a large rise in the amount of tax revenue available to fund welfare payments. The voluntary sector must also be discussed when considering arguments for and against the state taking on responsibility for the welfare state.Organizations such as Barnados, the Salvation Army and the NSPCC provide voluntary care. They serve a different role to statutory bodies set up by Parliament, but the views of these voluntary providers are respected and need to be taken into account as well. These organizations tend to have specialized expertise and look in certain areas and the government can benefit from this knowledge. A major bonus of voluntary provision is that they are often very cost effective as unpaid volunteers are often used.It is estimated by Knapp (1989) that the total amount of public-sector support for voluntary provision between 1983 and 1986 was i3151 million. However, ther e are also inbuilt weaknesses in voluntary provision. The biggest and most blatant problem stems from the nature of voluntary work as it cannot be guaranteed. Critics also point to the fact that voluntary work may be unequally provided across the country. The service can therefore be inconsistent and the advice from the voluntary sector to government might differ depending on the region.It is also suggested that due to financial restrictions the voluntary sector will never be anything more than a secondary level service that relies on the state or private sector provision. Social security benefits are the most redistributive aspect of the welfare state as they distribute income to the poorest people in the country. A point in favour of a social welfare system, from a socialist or social democratic perspective, is that the social security benefits can be used to redistribute wealth to make society economically fairer by heavily taxing the rich and giving it to the poorest people in society.On the other hand, opponents see this as a Robin Hood aspect of state social welfare which demotivates both the richest and the poorest people in the country encouraging idleness (one of the five giants beveridge was trying to eradicate) amongst the poor and encouraging the rich to leave the country. The New Right when in power, therefore, cut back on the redistributive aspects of welfare provision. The one-off grant system that was previously in effect was replaced in the 1986 and 1988 security acts and 16 to 18 year olds entitlement to income support was revoked.In current political debates the Conservative ships company, now in opposition frequently accuse the Labour party of redistributing wealth from the rich to the poor via underhand or stealthy methods. This is an indication that the argument about the termination to which the state should take responsibility for social welfare remains highly contested. Where you stand on this place is fundamental to your politic al beliefs and how you will vote.

China Town

1. 0 Introduction During the 19th century, Malaya had been colonised by the British and many Chinese and Indian had migrates to Malaya. As a city, Kuala Lumpur had become the most crowded and fast schooling place. Many colonial and migrations stay at Kuala Lumpur. Through colonisation and migration, both knowledge and methods of house tress had been adapted to the Malaya architecture during that time. Therefore there ar many heritage mental synthesiss especially the Chinese graze houses had been influence by the foreign creation.In this essay, I had make a field trip to Petaling way to collect p hottishographs of exposehouses. Through the distinctive of the public figure of the shophouses I need to identify the Malaysia and foreign design influences of the tralatitious shop houses in Petaling lane. Description and contrast had been made of the influences of the shop houses by comparing the buildings which the structures had been influence by. 2. 0 Background 2. 1 British C olonisation In Malaysia During 19-20 Century control 1 Tin exploit Tim mining, a popular activity amongst there and they increases many Chinese workers to migrates to Malaya (figure 1).Chinese migrates brought their tradition d considerablying design where the two storey Chinese shop houses becomes common. During British colonise Malaya, many public and private building had been built by the British which contain the salmagundi of architecture appearances such as Renaissance, Palladia, Neoclassical and revived Gothic because Kuala Lumpur has become the Federal Capital and Headquarters of the Resident General. (Mohammad Iza,(2010),p. 45. ) 2. 2 Shophouses Before 1880s Chinese shophouses was a very simple construction of one storey houses which only use wooden parts encouraging on attap ceiling which is open to the street.While the rear section of the shophouses was usually built on tons over a river to facilitate the delivery of goods. Most of the construction is use the loc ally available materials integrate with Chinese architecture influence. Therefore curved gable end be glazed ornamental tiles be several(prenominal) of the Chinese shop houses property. Moreover the stucco decorations is the intention of which was to emphasis the character and background of the owner. The early shophouses are build in rows with uniforms facades and a continuous, cover five-foot way in front (figure 2).There are overly jack hood on the shop houses which rise higher up the main roof to allowed accumulated hot air in the house to escape (figure 3). Besides that, there is also low rickety, shuttered windowpane on the front of the first floor. Figure 2 Five-foot way Figure 3 Jack roof Before World War II, the commercial centre of every Malaysian town was featured by one or more streets lined with usually two storeys high shophouses, where trading were occurred at the dishonor floor and the upper floors as residential accommodation area. (Anon,(2008),p. 44. How ever, the position of the shop and residential office business leader be unlike depending on the number of floors of a shophouse. For an example, a single story shophouse tends to include residential area behind the shop while for the shophouses of two or more storeys have residential dummy typically located above the shop. archean masonry shophouses were often built around 6-7 metres wide and 30 metres fat occasionally extended to 60 metres jibe to its location. They were often built in rows with uniform facades and a covered five-foot way in front of the shophouse. The five-foot way was first imposed by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, a British colonial administration that founded the city of Singapore in 1822. (online,www. wikipedia. com). It is an old practice specifying that all shophouses should include a minimum five-foot-wide veranda on the ground floor. This building tradition addressed the extremes of the tropical sun and rain, and created uninteresting linkages at gro und level. These shaded areas were conducive to the shopkeepers by providing an extra space area to displaying their products (figure 4) .Apart from that, the typical Chinese shophouse was built in rows with a common wall amid each unit. The walls that separate the shophouses are broadly constructed by local manufactured baked clay. They are structural, load bearing walls to transfer the weight of the roof and upper floors grim to the ground. Besides, the front of the shophouse on the ground floor has no walls, enabling goods to be displayed along the full width (figure 5) . Since the shophouse has no front walls, the front will be boarded up with fitted timber panels and secured with swimming bars to lock up the shop.In addition, to refresh the shophouse, a central courtyard can be found inside, which was later reduced to an airwell when space became more precious (figure 6). It was built to cool the building to begin with the air-conditioning was invented. Courtyards were ty pically for residence all over China especially in the slight densely live areas of the north where they were located at the central of the layout, which often surrounded by high walls. Besides, a bridle-path was also allocated at the back of the shophouse as a sanitary lane.It is a space found in between two rows of shophouses that faced back to back. This lane allows bullock carts to collect night soil as well as for safety purpose, for example, allow access for a fire truck when required. Figure 4 Displaying their products at the five-foot way Figure 5 Ground floor of the shophouses has no front walls Figure 6 Airwell found in one of the shophouse 2. 3 Foreign architecture and design influence There are five types of shophouses, Traditional, Neoclassical, Dutch Patrician, contrivance Deco and Modern.There are three principal varieties of shop houses during 1930s to 1940s which are utilitarian design is made by simple wooden shutters and a minimum of decorations. While the Neo classical design had elaborate the Greek and Roman columns and arnately decorate the Greek and Roman columns and arnately decorated window frames, pediments, paraprets and cornices. However artwork Deco is the simplest design which only use simplified lines and geometrical patterns to decorate. The Noeclassical style can by recognised by a Grecian pediment (figure 7) , columns (figure 8) and moulded plasters swags decorated the facade.Besides, roughly of the Neoclassical style include a parapet and the cash in ones chips of the building and ornate window frames. Different from the Neoclassical, Dutch Patrician design as a Dutch-inspired gable was adopted for the front facade of the shop houses. Figure 7 Neoclassical pediment Figure 8 certain style Neoclassical column Art Deco was started during 1930s. The design only contain geometrical shapes and simplified lines were liberation from the 1920s style. The ground floor and windows are not true.This is because it is from traditi onal vernacular and Western Neoclassical styles to Early modernity and International style. Art Deco style had marked the transition from traditional vernacular and Western Neoclassical styles to Early Modernism and International style. 3. 0 Analysis 3. 1 Compare and contrast between Kuala Lumpurs Chinatown shophouses to the original foreign Neoclassical styles Figure 3. 1. 1 High ceiling found in Petaling passage shophouses(left) and St. George Hall, London(right). hotshot of the special feature in Neoclassical architecture is high ceiling. High ceilings (Figure 3. . 1), tend to help to ventilate the air in the building through convection process, where the hot air rises and cool air sinks, as a result, the house will be cooling. The shophouses these days have a standard height of 8 metres, where space had become more precious besides saving cost. Figure 3. 1. 2 Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Rue De Rivoli, Paris(right) multi-colour in white or pastel colours. Apart from the high ceiling, Neoclassical buildings are often variegated in white or pastel colours (Figure 3. 1. 2). White and pastel colours are glimmery and attracts peoples attention.Furthermore, these colours are poor conductor of heat, they helps to reflect more of the visible featherbrained spectrum, causing the particular building to be as cooling as posible. This may be the creator why the buildings in Neoclassical period painted in this series of colour. Figure 3. 1. 3 Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Arc De Thriump, Paris(right) with parapet on the light up. Parapet (Figure 3. 1. 3) is a wall-like structure at the edge of a roof, which served as a fire wall, that prevents the flames from coming up to the exterior of the building, igniting the roofing membrane.In addition, it also modifieds the wind emanate over the roof so that the pressure exerted is distributed evenly to prevent it from collapsing. Figure 3. 1. 4 Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Madeleine Church, Par is(right) with pediment. A pediment is a classical architectural element which consist of the triangular section found on top of a building, supported by the columns. It is founded in the classical Greek temples, Renaissance, and Neoclassical architecture. The pediment of Madeleine Church, Paris is filled with ease sculptures while the one found in Petaling Street shophouses are filled with floral sculptures (Figure 3. . 4). Figure 3. 1. 5 Petaling Street shophouses(left) and New York City Hall(right) columns. A column is an upright pillar which supports a beam or a roof, sometimes it might just simple for decoration purposes. There are 3 types of columns which is doric (oldest and simplest of classical tacks), ionic (more complex than doric, with a scroll on top) and corinthian (with most ornate). Ionic order is found in the Petaling Street shophouses, while New York City Hall contained the doric order (Figure 3. 1. 5). Figure 3. 1. 6 Petaling Street shophouses(left) and New York City Hall(right) are symmetrical.Symmetry and balance are the most pedominat characteristic of Neoclassical buildings. This feature is recognizable easily as the left and the right portion of the building is the alike to maintain the balance of the building so that it does not fall (Figure 3. 1. 6). 3. 2 Compare and contrast between Kuala Lumpurs Chinatown shophouses to the original foreign Art Deco styles Figure 3. 2. 1 Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Caisse Nationale dEconomie, Monteal (right) with flag pole. Concrete flagpoles are one of the common feature of Art Deco buildings (Figure 3. 2. 1).The flagpoles are stretched from the top of the building with bands or motif sculptured at the base of the poles as if it is attached to the wall of facade. Figure 3. 2. 2 Petaling Street shophouses column(left) and Patels Building, Durbans column(right). On the other hand, Petaling Street shophouses and Patels Building (Figure 3. 2. 2) both have geometrical shapes running down the column, which is also a common feature of Art Deco architecture. Nonetheless, Petaling Streets column has a mixture of both Art Deco and Neoclassical styles as on top of its column, since theres some swirls on it which belonged to Ionic order.Figure 3. 2. 3 Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Caisse Nationale dEconomie, Monteals (right) clay sculptures. Furthermore, plaster moulding is another characteristic of Art Deco architecture. Shanghai plaster is commonly used as it provides the same visual effect as stone and its a cheaper building material. This finished plaster was usually left in its original colour, sometimes painted in the pastel colour of the era. The fine vertical lines plaster moulding at Petaling Street shophouses and Caisse Nationale dEconomie, Monteal are easily recognizable (Figure 3. 2. 3). Figure 3. 2. Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Thorp Coffee House(right) stated the social class it was built. To the contrary, Art Deco buildings usually state the y ear that it was built on the top of the building. For example, the particular Shophouse in Petaling Street was built in the year 1910, therefore, the figure 1910 is placed on the top of the building as well as for Thorp Coffee House (Figure 3. 2. 4). Figure 3. 2. 5 Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Louis Hays Office(right) with air vents. Lastly, Art Deco buildings have horizontal air vents usually located above the windows (Figure 3. 2. 5).The air vent is placed above the window to cool down the interior of the building as hot air are less dense and rises up, thus, escaping through the air vents. 4. 0 Conclusion Through compare and contrast of the different style of the shop houses, we able find out that the different style of the shop houses was influence by different background. From the 18th century until now we can see that the style of the Chinese shop houses change according to the place the shop houses was built. Beside that, the structure of the shop houses also depends to the need of the owner and the period of time those shop houses was built.

Analyzing Pro forma Statements Essay

This financial analysis exit define an initiative of what to implement, that would increase sales over the next five years. It can either be, another(prenominal) market, product, or a corporate expansion. A pro forma will be created and used for the XYZ Manufacturing Company of a five year projections. Assumptions will be make to support each line item, to increase or decrease the forecasted statements. There will likewise be interpretation of the financials, in relation to the initiative. Recommendations ar to made on the potential discretionary financing needs. This word analysis is the companys short end point and long term financing needs, and strategies to help the company manage their working enceinte (University of Phoenix, 2014). Pro forma statements be created by, foretell and combining the income and balance into a financial statement format.This will determine how the discover balances are forecasted by acquiring forces that will influence and project how the accou nts will be influenced. These forces are recognizable as restrictive debt agreements, sales, and company policies The following illustrations below is the Pro formas process for a five-year projection. This information is base on historical data collected from the sample provide (UOPX, 2014)..There is acquired information of a increase in sales new product as the result of a new product introduction also an increase in the production capacity. The increase in sales will acquire fixed assets with the excessiveness cash (Parrino, Kidwell, & Bates, 2012) Pro forma Balance Sheet for XYZ Company, INC.Total Liabilities and Stockholders Equity-$559,608 $649,251 $848,766 $1,,037,172 $1,183,541 In the above balance sheet the menstruum assets and current liabilities has increased in the ratio of sales (Parrino,Kidwell, & Bates, 2012, p90,91. 92) There is also an additional increase in the fixed assets. The company to take out an additional loan to meet the capital expansion, and the workin g capital needs (Parrino, Kidwell, & Bates, 2012) I would recommend that the company The first step in this pro forma financial statements is the forecasting of sales. Sales always influence the current asset and current liability account balances. For example the account receivable balances would need to become larger increased if the firm needs to carry more inventory. done the profit margin, and the dividend payout ratio. There is much difficult in forecasting sales, but it is an essential, it only depend on the season of the year, economy and the industry There could also be many other factors as well. citeParrino, R., Kidwell, D. S., & Bates, T. W. (2012). Fundamentals of corporate finance (2nd ed.). Hoboken, N. J. John Wiley & Sons. University of Phoenix material, (2013) Analyzing Pro Forma Statements retrieved from https//newclassroom3.phoenix.edu/Classroom//contextid/OSIRIS44656217/context/co/ prognosis/activityDetails/activity/53c06956-87e9-4050-8ecc-815e914705e0/expanded/ False/focus-cmt/none/tab/Instructions

The Modern Alterations of Native American Life

innovational essential American life has changed drastically from that of what it used to be. One can only imagine how incredibly hard life would have been in the late 1800s without the help of modern technology. In James Welchs book, Fools Crow, oneness not only learns what the Western united States was like in the late 1800s, but can also grasp the ways of early aboriginal Americans. Fools Crow, the main character in the book, portrays exactly what the average Indian boy of his day was like. He had watertight family values, faithful religious beliefs, and knew his direction in life. Unfortunately this is not so true for most primal Americans of today.Many current Indians are suffering from poor family structure, lack of education, and loss of religious beliefs. Family structure was one of the most important aspects of life for Native Americans of the 1800s. Back then in that respect was almost no contrariety between an Indian man or womans fifth cousins and his or hers sis ter. Both were treated the same, and both were prise immensely. and now the family structure of Native Americans has diminished. The communication between the majority of parents to children is rattling slim, if any, and many untested Native Americans dont even have contact with there grandparents and other extended family.In Fools Crows generation it was very common to often have ceremonies where all members of a family were expected to attend, whether they were a grandparent or a brother. This hardship of family structure in modern Indians has caused many individuals to lack security and subsidity. Education is a fuss among Native Americans as well. It used to be that when a young Native American turned a authentic age it was his or her duty to learn the ways of survival. For boys it was hunting and tuition to provide for his future family.For the women it was learning various duties such as cooking, tanning hides, and caring for the children. Indians used to educate thems elves in order to run as a team. Each person learned to do his or her item duty in order to prosper individually, and as a tribe or band. But now education is advantageously different. It still focuses on the essentials for survival and the need for one to prosper as an individual, but it lacks what white the great unwashed are learning. Teachers on reservations are often the product of poor education themselves, and have nothing to conjure young Native Americans.One of the most prominent problems, however, is that reservations cant afford to hire quality teachers to educate their children. Thus, there continues to be uneducated Native Americans, which, in turn, causes this misfortunate cataclysm to continue. Another, and most important, aspect for a specific group of people to thrive, is religion. Ever since the first civilized human lived, there was religion. For most people, religion is the gum tree that holds their life together. It helps to provide purpose and meaning to a ll life.Native Americans of the 1800s, and before then, held very strongly to their beliefs. morality was in everything they did. Whether it was planting crops or going on a big hunt, religion was the key to it. But now the Native Americans religious beliefs have faded dramatically. Most of todays Indian youths no longer view or practice the religion of their ancestors. Without religion, modern Native Americans find themselves insecure in what their purpose in life is and they often lack moral responsibility as well.The key to possibly fixing this problem is to educate young Native Americans about what their people used to believe in, and what role it played dorsum then. With some good leadership skills and a lot of enlightening, maybe the old Indian religion provide be fully restored to what it once was. In conclusion, Native American culture is rapidly being destroyed. Modern Native Americans have lost what it takes to keep a culture alive religion, structure, and education. If Native Americans are once again going to flourish as a ethnic society, people need to do any(prenominal) they can to help build back the essential parts of Native American life.

The Relationship between School and Society Assignment

The Relationship between School and Society - Assignment ExampleHowever, time took drastic turn with the passage of time, and now an overwhelming majority of the individuals study in various schools, colleges, universities, academies and other nominal preceptal institutions, from where the individuals seek professional direction and obtain certificates and degrees in order to enter into practical life history as qualified and skilled persons. Wilson (2011, p. ) is of the view that the increasing emphasis upon specific knowledge and the acquisition of credential as the pathway for young adults seeking any hope of attaining financially rewarding occupations and navigating the existing kind structure has captured the attention of the parents and students alike, which has paved the way towards the popularity of learning even in the poor and underdeveloped nations of the world. My consider parents got me admitted to a well-reputed school in the city when I was four years old. That w as the institution from where I larn how to read and write. Like all schools, my institution also taught me language, literature, pure and social sciences, humanities, mathematics and other disciplines. Somehow, I developed the special aptitude for political science, history, theology, philosophy, and literature. During the beginning of my educational career, the parts of the curriculum carrying civics, history, and spiritualism captured my attraction, and I always obtained excellent grades in these disciplines. My taste did not witness any decline in these subjects as a result, I selected these subjects for my undergraduate program. I studied Plato, Descartes, Machiavelli, Nietzsche, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Adam Smith, Keynes and other political economists and sociological and political science theorists. The utilitarian theory articulated by J.S. Mill and structural-functional theory by Herbert Spencer clear new avenues of wisdom and foresight to me. I keenly studied the 1930 and 1970s economic recessions and drew come out the causes and consequences of the same in an analytical way. I found Marxist conflict perspective to be super moving (Ritzer, 2007, p. 88), and I looked for developing a worker-friendly corporate environment for the future years to come. I obtained the education under the system that was close to the Jeffersonian model of education. Famous statesman and educationalist of early ordinal century Thomas Jefferson had introduced the education system where the children gradually climb the educational ladder in the start of their age-group. Stage I consists of primary school years, which should be specified for children of the age-group between 6 to 8 years. The students belong to the age group from 9 to 16 years should be offered the education of intermediate level at secondary school, which is Stage II of education. Stage III of education focuses on the university years, which offers higher studies to the students. Consequently, the studen ts should complete their education gradually and in a systematic way, where the level of education should be determined in the sapless of the mental capabilities and understandings of the students, so that they could easily comprehend with the curriculum being taught to them at schools (Miller, 1998, p. 3).